Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park

Waterton Glacier International Peace Park
Waterton Glacier International Peace Park
	Landsat 7 image of Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park
Location	Alberta, Canada and Montana, United States
Coordinates	49°00′00″N 113°55′00″W / 49.00000°N 113.91667°W
Formed	June 18, 1932
Governing body	Parks Canada, U.S. National Park Service
	Location of Waterton Glacier International Peace Park in North America
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Includes	Waterton Lakes National Park; Glacier National Park
Criteria	Natural: (vii), (ix)
Reference	354rev
Inscription	1995 (19th Session)
Area	457,614 ha (1,766.86 sq mi)

The Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park is the union of Waterton Lakes National Park in Canada and Glacier National Park in the United States. Both parks are declared Biosphere Reserves by UNESCO and their union as a World Heritage Site.

History

Formation

The union of the Waterton Lakes National Park and the Glacier National Park is attributed to a number of individuals throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Early proponents of a borderless international park include Canadian George "Kootenay" Brown, a long-time settler and first forest ranger-in-charge of Waterton, and American Albert Henry “Death-on-the-Trail” Reynolds, an early ranger of the northern portion of Glacier.^[1]

The Cardston, Alberta, and Montana Rotary Clubs played a significant role in the park's establishment, holding a joint meeting at the Prince of Wales Hotel on July 4–5, 1931, which led to a resolution drafted by Samuel H. Middleton, calling on both groups to petition the proper authorities for the establishment of the Peace Park.^[2] An agreement was subsequently negotiated by Canadian Brigadier-General John Smith Stewart, Member of Parliament for Lethbridge, and American Congressman from Montana Scott Leavitt.^[3] The 72nd United States Congress passed An Act to establish Waterton Glacier International Peace Park on December 8, 1931, and be approved by the United States Senate in March 1932. The Canadian federal government decided to wait until after the United States government had passed a bill in order to act, and the Canadian bill was further delayed by protests of proponents of the International Peace Garden between Manitoba and North Dakota. Finally, John Stewart's Act respecting the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park was passed by Parliament, and given royal assent on May 26, 1932.^[2]

The union of the parks was achieved through the efforts of Rotary International members from Alberta and Montana, on June 18, 1932, at Glacier Park Lodge.^[3] The dedication address was given by Sir Charles Arthur Mander, 2nd Baronet. The ceremony for the Canadian side was delayed by the Great Depression, and finally took place in July 1936, with Lieutenant Governor of Alberta William L. Walsh overseeing the ceremony and dedicating a cairn for conservation advocate Kootenay Brown.^[3]

Later history

The two parks are administered separately and have separate entrance fees.

In 2007, the International Dark-Sky Association named Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park the International Dark-Sky Park.^[4]

Border crossing

The Chief Mountain Border Crossing, reached by Montana Highway 17 from the American side and by Alberta Highway 6 from the Canadian side, is the only road border crossing within the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. It is one of only two on the US–Canada border that are closed in winter (Poker Creek - Little Gold Creek Border Crossing is the other).

References

Citations

^ Thomas & Mow 2016, p. 3.
^ ^a ^b Thomas & Mow 2016, p. 4.
^ ^a ^b ^c MacDonald, Graham A. (1992). Where the Mountains Meet the Prairies: A History of Waterton Lakes National Park (PDF). Environment Canada. pp. 124–127. ISBN 978-1552380147. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
^ Staff. "2017 - Summer Guide to Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park" (PDF). nps.gov. National Park Service. p. 1. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

Works cited

Thomas, Ifan; Mow, Jeff (2016). Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park (PDF). Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
"Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
"Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
"Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park World Heritage Site". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.

External links

Media related to Waterton Glacier International Peace Park at Wikimedia Commons

UNESCO World Heritage Site Entry

[FOOTNOTEThomasMow20163-1] Thomas & Mow 2016, p. 3.

[FOOTNOTEThomasMow20164-2] Thomas & Mow 2016, p. 4.

[MacDonald1992-3] MacDonald, Graham A. (1992). Where the Mountains Meet the Prairies: A History of Waterton Lakes National Park (PDF). Environment Canada. pp. 124–127. ISBN 978-1552380147. Retrieved August 24, 2020.

[4] Staff. "2017 - Summer Guide to Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park" (PDF). nps.gov. National Park Service. p. 1. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

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v t e National parks of Canada
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Western	Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks Dinosaur Provincial Park Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Kluane / Wrangell–St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek¹ Pimachiowin Aki SG̱aang Gwaay Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park¹ Wood Buffalo² Writing-on-Stone / Áísínai’pi
Eastern	Grand-Pré Gros Morne Joggins Fossil Cliffs L'Anse aux Meadows Miguasha Mistaken Point Old Town Lunenburg Old Quebec Red Bay Rideau Canal
Northern	Nahanni Wood Buffalo²
¹ Shared with the US ² Shared with other region/s

v t e World Heritage Sites in the United States
Northeast	Independence Hall Statue of Liberty
Midwest	Cahokia Hopewell
South	Everglades Great Smoky Mountains Mammoth Cave Monticello and the University of Virginia Poverty Point San Antonio Missions
West	Carlsbad Caverns Chaco Culture Grand Canyon National Park Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park Kluane-Wrangell–St. Elias-Glacier Bay-Tatshenshini-Alsek¹ Mesa Verde Olympic National Park Pueblo de Taos Papahānaumokuākea Redwood Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park¹ Yellowstone National Park Yosemite National Park
Multiple locations	The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright
Territories	La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico
¹ Shared with Canada

v t e Protected areas in Alberta
World Heritage Sites	Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks Dinosaur Provincial Park Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park Wood Buffalo National Park Writing-on-Stone / Áísínai’pi
National parks	Banff Elk Island Jasper Waterton Lakes Wood Buffalo
Provincial parks, wildlands and wildernesses	Aspen Beach Antelope Hill Beauvais Lake Big Hill Springs Big Island Big Knife Bow Valley Bragg Creek Brown-Lowery Calling Lake Canmore Nordic Centre Caribou Mountains Carson-Pegasus Castle Castle Wildland Chain Lakes Cold Lake Crimson Lake Cross Lake Crow Lake Cypress Hills Dillberry Lake Dinosaur Dry Island Buffalo Jump Dunvegan Eagle Point Fish Creek Garner Lake Glenbow Ranch Gooseberry Lake Greene Valley Gregoire Lake Hilliard's Bay Hay-Zama Lakes Jarvis Bay Kinbrook Island Kananaskis Country Lakeland Lesser Slave Lake Little Bow Little Fish Lois Hole Centennial Long Lake Midland Miquelon Lake Moonshine Lake Moose Lake Notikewin Obed Lake O'Brien Park Lake Pembina River Peter Lougheed Provincial Park Pierre Grey's Lakes Pigeon Lake Police Outpost Queen Elizabeth Ram Falls Red Lodge Rochon Sands Rock Lake Saskatoon Island Sheep River Sir Winston Churchill Spray Valley Strathcona Science Sundance Sylvan Lake Thunder Lake Tillebrook Two Lakes Vermilion Wabamun Lake Whitney Lakes William A. Switzer Williamson Willmore Wilderness Willow Creek Winagami Lake Woolford Writing-on-Stone Wyndham-Carseland Young's Point
Urban parks	Calgary Zoo Devonian Gardens Edmonton Valley Zoo Edworthy Park Mill Woods Park Muttart Conservatory North Saskatchewan River Valley Nose Hill Oldman River Valley Pearce Estate Park University of Alberta Botanic Garden Sylvan Lake
Museums and historic sites	Alberta Central Railway Museum Atlas Coal Mine Canadian Grain Elevator Discovery Centre Canadian Tractor Museum Cold Lake Air Force Ellis Bird Farm Fort Calgary Fort Edmonton Park Fort Victoria Fort Whoop-Up Frank Slide Galt Historic Railway Park Glenbow Museum Heritage Acres Farm Museum Heritage Park Krause Milling Co. Pioneer Acres Prairie Elevator Museum Remington Carriage Museum Reynolds Royal Alberta Royal Tyrrell Scandia Eastern Irrigation District Museum South Peace Centennial Museum Spruce Grove Grain Elevator Museum St. Albert Grain Elevator Park Ukrainian Village Warner elevator row Whyte National historic sites Provincial historic sites

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