1909 in aviation
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This is a list of aviation-related events from 1909:
Events
[edit]- Fort Omaha Balloon School becomes the first United States Army school for balloon observers.
- The Austro-Hungarian Navy sends officers abroad for flight training.[1]
- In the book L'Aviation Militaire ("Military Aviation"), Clément Ader writes ...an aircraft carrier will become indispensable. Such ships will be very differently constructed from anything in existence today. To start with, the deck will have been cleared of any obstacles: it will be a flat area, as wide as possible, not conforming to the lines of the hull, and will resemble a landing strip. The speed of this ship will have to be at least as great as that of cruisers or even greater...Servicing the aircraft will have to be done below this deck...Access to this lower deck will be by means of a lift long enough and wide enough to take an aircraft with its wings folded...Along the sides will be the workshops of the mechanics responsible for refitting the planes and for keeping them always ready for flight.[2] Discussing the landing of aircraft, he writes, The ship will be headed straight into the wind, the stern clear, but a padded bulwark set up forward in case the airplane should run past the stop line.
January–March
[edit]- 23 February – John McCurdy makes the first aeroplane flight in Canada in the AEA Silver Dart. He flies 2,640 feet (805 m) from the ice of Bras d'Or Lake at Baddeck on Cape Breton Island.
- 3 March – American aviators Glenn Curtiss, Augustus Moore Herring and Cortlandt Field Bishop announce plans to manufacture airplanes commercially in the United States.[3] They found the Herring-Curtiss Company.
April–June
[edit]- 15 April – The first airport and flying school in Italy opens at Centocelle Airport in Rome. The opening coincides with a visit by Wilbur Wright, who gives a flight demonstration of a Wright airplane.
- 2 May – John Moore-Brabazon the first resident British citizen to make a recognised powered heavier-than-air flight in the United Kingdom, flying from The Aero Club's ground at Leysdown on the Isle of Sheppey in his Voisin biplane Bird of Passage.[4]
- 7 May – The British Royal Navy awards a contract to build its first rigid airship to Vickers.
- 14 May – Samuel Cody makes an aeroplane flight in the United Kingdom longer than 1-mile (1.6 km) in British Army Aeroplane No. 1.
- 26 May – The Zeppelin LZ 5 sets an endurance record by completing a 712-mile (1,146 km) nonstop trip in 37 hours 39 minutes.[5]
- 30 May – Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin pilots a Zeppelin on a 22-hour flight that covers 400 miles (644 km).[6]
- 2 June – The United States Army orders its Signal Corps, which includes the Army's Aeronautic Corps as one of its divisions, to prepare plans for the air defense of the United States East Coast.[7]
- 5 June – Alliott Verdon Roe begins flights in the first fixed-wing aircraft of all-British manufacture, the Roe I Triplane, from Walthamstow Marshes.
- 27 June – 17-year-old Eric Gordon England flies French-born painter José Weiss's tailless glider Olive from a launch ramp above Amberley, West Sussex, England in the first recorded soaring flight, origin of sport gliding.[8][9]
July–September
[edit]- The International Exhibition of Aviation opens in Frankfurt-am-Main (now known as ILA and regularly held in Berlin).
- 3 July – Louis Blériot achieves a flight of over 26 miles (42 km) in just over 47 minutes.[10]
- 12 July – Flying the Blériot XII, Louis Blériot makes the world's first airplane flight with two passengers, one of whom is Alberto Santos-Dumont.[11]
- 19 July – Hubert Latham makes the first attempt to cross the English Channel. He flies 11.2 kilometres (7 mi) from Calais in an Antoinette IV monoplane before suffering engine failure and making history's first landing of an aircraft in the sea about halfway across.[12] He becomes the first aviator to be rescued from the English Channel when French Navy destroyer Harpon picks him up.[13]
- 20 July – Orville Wright sets a new United States airplane endurance record, remaining aloft for 1 hour 20 minutes 25 seconds.[7]
- 25 July
- Louis Blériot claims a £1,000 prize from the British Daily Mail newspaper for being the first pilot to cross the English Channel in an airplane. He makes the crossing in his Blériot Type XI, flying 21 miles (34 km) from Les Barraques near Calais to Northfall Meadow near Dover Castle in 37 minutes. Blériot also receives an additional £3,000 from the French government.[10]
- While Bleriot warms up his Blériot XI prior to his flight, a farm dog runs into the plane's propeller and is killed. It is the first terrestrial wildlife strike involving an aircraft ever recorded.[14]
- 28 July – Harold Barnwell makes the first powered flight in Scotland, an 80-yard (75 m) hop at 4 m altitude in a canard biplane built with his brother Frank at Stirling, before crashing.[15]
- 30 July
- The Imperial Japanese Army, the Imperial Japanese Navy, and Tokyo Imperial University form the Provisional Military Balloon Research Society to investigate flying machines for Japanese use.[16]
- Orville Wright flies with passenger Lt. Benjamin Foulois at an average 42.58 miles per hour (68.53 km/h) mph over a measured round-trip course, successfully completing flight tests in the Wright Military Flyer for the U.S. Army at Fort Myer, Virginia. The Army buys the airplane for $30,000.
- 7 August – French aviator Roger Sommer sets a new world airplane endurance record, remaining aloft for 2 hours 27 minutes 15 seconds.[17]
- 22–29 August – The Grande Semaine d'Aviation (the Rheims Aero meet) is held at Bétheny, near Rheims:
- 26 August – The Antoinette IV airplane sets a world distance record at Rheims, flying 154.6 km (96.1 mi) in 2 hours 17 minutes 21 seconds:[12]
- 27 August – Henri Farman raises the airplane distance record to 180 km (110 mi).[18]
- 28 August
- At Rheims, Glenn Curtiss wins the first airplane race held for the Gordon Bennett Cup, flying 20 km (12.42 miles) in 15 minutes 50.6 seconds at an average speed of 47 mph (75.7 km/h), finishing 5.6 seconds ahead of Louis Blériot.[17]
- Louis Blériot sets a world speed record over a 10 km (6.2 mi) circuit at a speed of 76.95 km/h (47.81 mph).[18]
- 29 August – 100,000 people gather at Tempelhof Field to witness the arrival at Berlin, Germany, of the Zeppelin LZ 3, with Hugo Eckener in command and Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin aboard. More than two million more people watch from rooftops.[19]
- 2 September – Scarborough Beach Amusement Park in the Beaches neighborhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada hosts one of the first, if not the first, air shows in North America. The show features one plane, a Curtiss Golden Flyer piloted by Charles Willard, which on the first evening is forced to make an emergency landing in Lake Ontario after only a few seconds in the air.[20][21]
- 7 September – Eugene Lefebvre is killed in the crash of an aeroplane when his controls jam at Juvisy France.
- 8 September – Samuel Cody flies from Aldershot to Farnborough and back (46 miles in 1 hour and 3 minutes), the first recorded cross-country flight in the United Kingdom.
- 22 September – Ferdinand Ferber is killed in taxying accident at Boulogne.[22]
- 24 September – Wilbur Wright express his desire that foreign aircraft be prohibited from entering the United States.[23]
- 25 September
- The French government's third airship, the semi-rigid La République, collapses in flight after a broken propeller blade pierces her envelope and crashes near the Château of Avrilly, France, killing her entire crew of four.[24]
- The first National Aeronautic Show opens at Madison Square Garden in New York City.[23]
- 26 September – The brothers Alexander and Anatol Renner fly an airship (which they have designed and built themselves) for the first time, making eight flights over the autumn fair at Graz. These are the first airship flights in Austria-Hungary.[25]
- 29 September – Wilbur Wright begins flights as part of New York City's Hudson-Fulton Celebration.
October–December
[edit]
(23 October- 2 November)
- 2 October – Orville Wright sets a new world altitude record for airplanes, reaching an estimated 500 meters (1,640 feet) over Potsdam, Germany.[26][27]
- 15–23 October – Britain's first Aviation Meeting held at Doncaster Racecourse.[28]
- 22 October – Baroness Raymonde de Laroche flies in a fixed-wing aircraft. (See also September 1908).[29]
- 26 October – Marie Marvingt pilots a balloon across the North Sea and the English Channel from Europe to England.
- 30 October – John Moore-Brabazon flies a circular mile in the Short Biplane No. 2 in the UK and wins £1,000 from the Daily Mail newspaper.
- The Austro-Hungarian Army's first airship, Militärluftschiff I (or M.I), makes its first flight. Among its passengers on the flight is Ferdinand Porsche.[30][31]
- 3 November – Alec Ogilvie patents the first airspeed indicator.
- 4 November – John Moore-Brabazon makes the first live cargo flight by airplane when he puts a small pig in a waste-paper basket tied to a wing-strut of his airplane.
- 16 November – The first air transport company (or airline) in the world, the German Airship Travel Corporation (known by its German language acronym DELAG), is founded at Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany, flying Zeppelins.[32]
- 20 November – Cerchez & Co., the first aircraft company, the first aerodrome and the first flight school in Romania is founded at Chitila by Mihail Cerchez.[33]
- 5 December – George Taylor becomes the first person to fly a heavier-than-air craft in Australia, in a glider he designed. On the same day Florence Taylor becomes the first woman in Australia to fly a heavier-than-air craft, in the glider designed by her husband.
- 8 December – With Enea Bossi, Sr., at the controls, the first Italian-designed and -built airplane to fly takes to the air for the first time. Bossi, Giuseppe Bellanco, and Paolo Invernizzi had designed it.[34][35][36]
- 31 December – Harry Ferguson becomes the first person to fly an aircraft in Ireland, when he takes off in a monoplane he had designed and built himself.
First flights
[edit]January
[edit]- 23 January – Blériot XI
May
[edit]- 21 May – Blériot XII
June
[edit]- 5 June – Roe I Triplane
- 28 June – Breguet Type I
August
[edit]- 17 August – Grade monoplane[37]
December
[edit]- De Havilland Biplane No. 1 (crashes)
Entered service
[edit]March
[edit]- Zeppelin LZ 3 into the German Army as the Z 1.
August
[edit]- 1 August – Wright Military Flyer into the US Army as Aeroplane No. 1
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1909 in aviation.
- ^ Layman, R.D., Before the Aircraft Carrier: The Development of Aviation Vessels 1849-1922, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989, ISBN 0-87021-210-9, p. 13.
- ^ Macintyre, Donald, Aircraft Carrier: The Majestic Weapon, New York: Ballantine Books Inc., 1968, p. 8.
- ^ Daniel, Clifton, ed., Chronicle of the 20th Century, Mount Kisco, New York: Chronicle Publications, 1987, ISBN 0-942191-01-3, p. 122.
- ^ Fryer, Jonathan (September 2008). "Where British aviation began". The Journal of Kent History. 67: 18–19.
- ^ Robinson, Douglas H., Giants in the Sky, Henley-on-Thames: Foulis, 1973. ISBN 0 854 29145 8
- ^ Daniel, Clifton, ed., Chronicle of the 20th Century, Mount Kisco, New York: Chronicle Publications, 1987, ISBN 0-942191-01-3, p. 124.
- ^ a b Daniel, Clifton, ed., Chronicle of the 20th Century, Mount Kisco, New York: Chronicle Publications, 1987, ISBN 0-942191-01-3, p. 125.
- ^ "Personalities in the Gliding Movement - Mr. E.C. Gordon England A.F.R.Ae.S." (PDF). The Sailplane & Glider. 3 (7). British Gliding Association: 74. 1932-04-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-30. Retrieved 2010-03-19.
- ^ Wooldridge, E. T. "Early Flying Wings (1870–1920)". Century of Flight. Retrieved 2010-03-19.
- ^ a b Daniel, Clifton, ed., Chronicle of the 20th Century, Mount Kisco, New York: Chronicle Publications, 1987, ISBN 0-942191-01-3, p. 126.
- ^ "Three Men in an Aeroplane." Flight,'19 June 1909.
- ^ a b Donald, David, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997, ISBN 0-7607-0592-5, p. 52.
- ^ Calder, Nigel, The English Channel, New York: Viking Penguin Inc., 1986, ISBN 0-14-010131-4, p. 188.
- ^ Brotak, Ed, "When Birds Strike," Aviation History, May 2016, p. 49.
- ^ Cameron, Dugald; Galbraith, Roderick; Thomson, Douglas (2003). From Pilcher to the planets: aspects of Glasgow and the West of Scotland's early contribution to aviation as seen against the history of flight and a view of the art of engineering. University of Glasgow. ISBN 9780852167786.
- ^ Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, ISBN 0-87021-313-X, p. 29.
- ^ a b Daniel, Clifton, ed., Chronicle of the 20th Century, Mount Kisco, New York: Chronicle Publications, 1987, ISBN 0-942191-01-3, p. 127.
- ^ a b Tabulated Performances, &c at the Rheims MeetingFlight4 September 1909
- ^ Whitehouse, Arch, The Zeppelin Fighters, New York: Ace Books, 1966, no ISBN, p. 33.
- ^ "The Curtiss Aeroplane in Flight". The Globe and Mail. 3 September 1909. p. 1.
- ^ Elliott, Robbins (1988). The Ontario Book of Days. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 111. ISBN 1-55002-033-1.
- ^ Gibbs-Smith, C.H. Aviation: An Historical Survey London: NMSI, 2003 ISBN 1-900747-52-9
- ^ a b Daniel, Clifton, ed., Chronicle of the 20th Century, Mount Kisco, New York: Chronicle Publications, 1987, ISBN 0-942191-01-3, p. 128.
- ^ Whitehouse, Arch, The Zeppelin Fighters, New York: Ace Books, 1966, no ISBN, p. 32.
- ^ Phythyon, John R., Jr., Great War at Sea: Zeppelins, Virginia Beach, Virginia: Avalanche Press, Inc., 2007, p. 43.
- ^ Daniel, Clifton, ed., Chronicle of the 20th Century, Mount Kisco, New York: Chronicle Publications, 1987, ISBN 0-942191-01-3, p. 129.
- ^ "Aviation History Facts: October". centennialofflight.net.
- ^ Blake, Richard. The Book of Postal Dates, 1635-1985. Caterham: Marden. p. 20.
- ^ "Baroness de Laroche".
- ^ Phythyon, John R., Jr., Great War at Sea: Zeppelins, Virginia Beach, Virginia: Avalanche Press, Inc., 2007, p. 44.
- ^ Ch. 8, Pg 224-238 (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2013-12-18.
- ^ Whitehouse, Arch, The Zeppelin Fighters, New York: Ace Books, 1966, no ISBN, pp. 28-29.
- ^ Dan Antoniu; George Cicoș (27 October 2006). "Primii pași către o industrie aeronautică în România" (in Romanian).
- ^ Grosser, Morton (1981). Gossamer Odyssey: The Triumph of Human-Powered Flight. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-7603-2051-9.
- ^ United States of America Declaration of Intention & Petition for Naturalization #270572 (or #270872), United States of America Certificate of Naturalization #2313991
- ^ O'Connor, Derek, "'An Outstanding American Citizen,'" Aviation History, March 2017, p. 52.
- ^ "Hans Grade monoplane". Magdeburg Museum of technology. Retrieved 31 January 2014.