Mount Olympus (Washington)
| Mount Olympus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 7,980 ft (2,430 m) NAVD 88[1][2] |
| Prominence | 7,838 ft (2,389 m)[3] |
| Listing | |
| Coordinates | 47°48′05″N 123°42′39″W / 47.801298806°N 123.710837242°W[1] |
| Geography | |
  Mount Olympus Washington | |
| Location | Olympic National Park, Jefferson County, Washington, US |
| Parent range | Olympic Mountains |
| Topo map | USGS Mount Olympus |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | Eocene |
| Mountain type | Shale and sandstone |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | 1907 by L.A. Nelson and party[4] |
| Easiest route | Glacier Climb |
Mount Olympus, at 7,980 feet (2,430 m), is the tallest and most prominent mountain in the Olympic Mountains of the U.S. state of Washington. Located on the Olympic Peninsula, it is also a central feature of Olympic National Park. Mount Olympus is the highest summit of the Olympic Mountains; however, peaks such as Mount Constance and The Brothers, on the eastern margin of the range, are better known, being visible from the Seattle metropolitan area.
Description
[edit]With notable local relief, Mount Olympus ascends over 2,100 m (6,900 ft) from the 293 m (961 ft) elevation confluence of the Hoh River with Glacier Creek in only 8.8 km (5.5 mi). Mount Olympus has 2,386 m (7,828 ft) of prominence, ranking 5th in the state of Washington.[5]
Due to heavy winter snowfalls, Mount Olympus supports large glaciers, despite its modest elevation and relatively low latitude. These glaciers include Blue, Hoh, Humes, Jeffers, Hubert, Black Glacier, and White, the longest of which is the Hoh Glacier at 3.06 miles (4.93 km). The largest is Blue with a volume of 0.14 cubic miles (0.57 km3) and area of 2.05 square miles (5.31 km2).[6] As with most temperate latitude glaciers,[7] these have all been shrinking in area and volume, and shortening in recent decades.
History
[edit]According to Edmond S. Meany (1923), Origin of Washington geographic names, citing Joseph A. Costello (1895), The Siwash, their life, legends and tales, the Duwamish used the name Sunh-a-do for the Olympian Mountains (or Coast Range in Costello 1895);[8][9] besides its unclear origin,[10] some references misuse this name for the Native American name of the mountain.[11] Spanish explorer Juan Pérez named the mountain Cerro Nevado de Santa Rosalía ("Snowy Peak of Saint Rosalia") in 1774. This is said to be the first time a European named a geographic feature in what is now Washington state. On July 4, 1788, British explorer John Meares gave the mountain its present name.[12]
In 1890 an expedition, led by US Army officer Joseph P. O'Neil, reached the summit, of what is today presumed to have been the southern peak.[13]
On March 2, 1909, Mount Olympus National Monument was proclaimed by President Theodore Roosevelt.[14] On June 28, 1938, it was designated a national park by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[15] In 1976 the Olympic National Park became an International Biosphere Reserve. In 1981 it was designated a World Heritage Site.[16] In 1988 Congress designated 95% of the park as the Olympic Wilderness.
Climate
[edit]The peak of Mount Olympus has a tundra climate (ET) with extremely heavy precipitation from October to April and heavy precipitation from May to September. A large part of this precipitation falls as snow. The west peak is the wettest place in mainland USA.
| Climate data for Mount Olympus 47.7997 N, 123.7080 W, Elevation: 7,448 ft (2,270 m) (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 29.1 (−1.6) |
28.6 (−1.9) |
28.7 (−1.8) |
32.6 (0.3) |
40.8 (4.9) |
46.7 (8.2) |
56.5 (13.6) |
57.0 (13.9) |
52.5 (11.4) |
42.5 (5.8) |
31.7 (−0.2) |
27.6 (−2.4) |
39.5 (4.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 24.6 (−4.1) |
22.8 (−5.1) |
22.2 (−5.4) |
25.2 (−3.8) |
32.6 (0.3) |
37.9 (3.3) |
46.6 (8.1) |
47.3 (8.5) |
43.2 (6.2) |
34.9 (1.6) |
26.6 (−3.0) |
23.2 (−4.9) |
32.3 (0.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 20.0 (−6.7) |
17.0 (−8.3) |
15.8 (−9.0) |
17.7 (−7.9) |
24.3 (−4.3) |
29.1 (−1.6) |
36.6 (2.6) |
37.5 (3.1) |
34.0 (1.1) |
27.4 (−2.6) |
21.6 (−5.8) |
18.8 (−7.3) |
25.0 (−3.9) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 27.23 (692) |
28.53 (725) |
28.75 (730) |
13.32 (338) |
12.58 (320) |
8.99 (228) |
3.63 (92) |
6.59 (167) |
10.95 (278) |
16.12 (409) |
49.13 (1,248) |
26.46 (672) |
232.28 (5,899) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 88.7 (225) |
84.6 (215) |
79.6 (202) |
50.5 (128) |
18.1 (46) |
5.6 (14) |
0.3 (0.76) |
0.0 (0.0) |
3.4 (8.6) |
24.1 (61) |
100.9 (256) |
98.0 (249) |
553.8 (1,405.36) |
| Source: PRISM Climate Group[17] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Mt Olympus west peak | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 28.6 (−1.9) |
30.0 (−1.1) |
32.6 (0.3) |
37.7 (3.2) |
43.4 (6.3) |
48.8 (9.3) |
56.1 (13.4) |
57.5 (14.2) |
52.9 (11.6) |
41.8 (5.4) |
32.7 (0.4) |
28.4 (−2.0) |
40.9 (4.9) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 24.0 (−4.4) |
24.5 (−4.2) |
25.4 (−3.7) |
29.5 (−1.4) |
35.1 (1.7) |
41.0 (5.0) |
47.6 (8.7) |
48.6 (9.2) |
44.6 (7.0) |
35.3 (1.8) |
27.6 (−2.4) |
23.6 (−4.7) |
33.9 (1.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 19.4 (−7.0) |
19.1 (−7.2) |
18.2 (−7.7) |
21.3 (−5.9) |
26.7 (−2.9) |
33.2 (0.7) |
39.0 (3.9) |
39.6 (4.2) |
36.3 (2.4) |
28.9 (−1.7) |
22.6 (−5.2) |
18.9 (−7.3) |
26.9 (−2.8) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 41.66 (1,058) |
26.00 (660) |
27.73 (704) |
21.70 (551) |
11.16 (283) |
9.97 (253) |
4.72 (120) |
5.81 (148) |
8.82 (224) |
22.81 (579) |
39.49 (1,003) |
39.25 (997) |
259.12 (6,580) |
| Source: [18] | |||||||||||||
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Mt Olympus". NGS Data Sheet. National Geodetic Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Commerce. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
- ^ "Topographic map of Mount Olympus". opentopomap.org. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
- ^ "Mount Olympus, Washington". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
- ^ Olympic Mountain Rescue (Society) (1988). Climber's Guide to the Olympic Mountains (3rd ed.). Seattle: Mountaineers Books. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-89886-154-9.
- ^ "All Washington Peaks with 2000 Feet of Prominence". Jeff Howbert. Archived from the original on 2008-05-15.
- ^
Spicer, Richard C. (1986). Glaciers in the Olympic Mountains, Washington: Present Distribution and Recent Variations. University of Washington.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ "Glaciers and Climate Change". Olympic National Park. National Park Service.
- ^ Edmond S. Meany (1923). Origin of Washington geographic names. p. 199.
- ^ Joseph A. Costello (1895). The Siwash, their life, legends and tales: Puget Sound and Pacific Northwest.
- ^ Jillian Ada Burrows (April 7, 2021). "The Original Name for Mt. Olympus". Retrieved March 17, 2022.
- ^ "Mount Olympus: Historical Background". SummitPost.org. May 20, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
- ^ Phillips, James W. (1971). Washington State Place Names. University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-95158-3.
- ^ "Members of the Olympic Exploring Expedition make first recorded ascent of Mount Olympus on September 22, 1890." www.historylink.org, accessed 26. January 2019
- ^ "Mount Olympus National Monument" (PDF). Retrieved 2015-03-14.
- ^ "Timeline of the Elwha Through 1940". Olympic National Park. National Park Service. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
- ^ "Your Heritage, Celebrating 75 Years". Olympic National Park. National Park Service. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
- ^ "PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University". PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
To find the table data on the PRISM website, start by clicking Coordinates (under Location); copy Latitude and Longitude figures from top of table; click Zoom to location; click Precipitation, Minimum temp, Mean temp, Maximum temp; click 30-year normals, 1991-2020; click 800m; click Retrieve Time Series button.
- ^ "PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State U".
External links
[edit]
- "Mount Olympus". SummitPost.org.
- "Mount Olympus". Bivouac.com.
- "Mount Olympus". Peakware.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
- The Mountaineers: 1920 Outing to Mt. Olympus - University of Washington Library
- The Mountaineers Photography - University of Washington Library
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