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State University of New York

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with University of the State of New York or City University of New York.
"SUNY" redirects here. For the American historian, see Ronald Grigor Suny. For other uses, see Suni (disambiguation).
State University of New York
MottoTo learn, to search, to serve
TypePublic university system
Established1948; 76 years ago (1948)
Endowment$4.84 billion (2022)[1]
Budget$13.37 billion (2022)[1]
ChairmanMerryl Tisch
ChancellorJohn King Jr.
Vice-ChancellorRobert Megna
ProvostTod Laursen
Academic staff
32,496[2]
Students363,612 (Fall 2022)[2]
Undergraduates319,011 (Fall 2022)[2]
Postgraduates44,601 (Fall 2022)[2]
Location
New York
,
United States
Campus64 campuses[2]
ColorsBlue and Gray
   
Websitesuny.edu Edit this at Wikidata

The State University of New York (SUNY, /ˈsuːni/, SOO-nee) is a system of public colleges and universities in the State of New York. It is one of the largest comprehensive systems of universities, colleges, and also junior colleges / community colleges in the United States.[3] Led by current chancellor John B. King, the SUNY system has about 91,182 employees, including 32,496 faculty members, and some 7,660 degree and certificate programs overall and a $13.37 billion dollars budget.[4][1] Its flagship universities and campuses are as follows: SUNY Stony Brook on Long Island in southeastern New York and SUNY Buffalo in the west. Its research university centers also include SUNY Binghamton and SUNY Albany.[5]

SUNY's administrative offices are in Albany, the state's capital, with satellite offices in Manhattan (of New York City) and a branch in the federal national capital city of Washington, D.C. With owning 25,000 acres of land, SUNY's largest campus is SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, which neighbors the State University of New York Upstate Medical University—the largest employer in the SUNY system with over 10,959 employees.[6][7]

The State University of New York was established in 1948 by then 47th Governor Thomas E. Dewey (1902-1971, served 1943-1954), , through legislative implementation of recommendations made by the previously appointed Temporary Commission on the Need for a State University (1946–1948). The commission was chaired by Owen D. Young (1874-1962), who at the time was Chairman of the General Electric Company. The system was greatly expanded during the administration of subsequent 49th Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller (1908-1979, served 1959-1973), who during his three terms of office, took a personal interest in design and construction of additional new SUNY facilities across the state.

Apart from units of the institutionally separate City University of New York (CUNY), SUNY comprises all New York state-supported institutions of higher education.

History

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Stony Brook University on Long Island
The State University of New York Upstate Medical University in Syracuse
The University at Buffalo in Buffalo; the university also has a campus in Amherst
Binghamton University has campuses in Binghamton, Johnson City, and Vestal
University at Albany
The College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse

New York was one of the last states to set up a state college and university system. The first colleges were established privately, with some arising from local seminaries, and New York State had a long history of supporting higher education before the creation of the SUNY system. The oldest college that is part of the SUNY System is SUNY Potsdam, established in 1816 as the St. Lawrence Academy.

In 1835, the New York State Legislature in Albany acted to establish a stronger programs for public school teacher preparation and training and designated one academy in each state senatorial district to receive money for a special teacher-training department. The St. Lawrence Academy received this distinction, and it later designated Potsdam, New York as the site of the new state Normal School ("normal" was the descriptive term used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for the art of teaching and for a professional teaching school) in 1867.[8]

On May 7, 1844, the lower chamber New York State Assembly of the bicameral New York State Legislature voted to establish the Normal School in the state capital of Albany as the first college for teacher education in the state. Two decades later. in 1865, at the end of the American Civil War (1861-1865), the privately endowed, Cornell University, in Ithaca, New York, newly-established that year, and later becoming one of the eight rigorous renowned Ivy League colleges/universities in the nation, was designated as New York state's land grant college, under the newly passed legislation of the famous Morrill Land-Grant Acts of 1862 by the United States Congress in Washington, D.C. and signed by new Republican 16th President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865, served 1861-1865), in the midst of the American Civil War (1861-1865). The 1862 Act fulfilled one of their earlier 1856 and 1860 election campaign promises, for creating and assisting land grant colleges / universities in the states and territories across the nation. Another three decades later in 1894, the state began direct financial support of four of Cornell's constituent colleges.

Between 1889 and 1903, Cornell University operated the New York State College of Forestry, until the then state governor vetoed its upcoming annual appropriation. The school was then moved to nearby Syracuse University in Syracuse in 1911, where it is now renamed the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry. In 1908, the State legislature began the New York State College of Agriculture, and located it at Alfred University in Alfred, New York

Between 1946 and 1948, under then Governor Thomas E. Dewey, the appointed Temporary Commission on the Need for a State University, met regularly and chaired by Owen D. Young, chairman of the General Electric Company, studied New York state's existing higher education institutions and overall system. It was known New York's private institutions of higher education were highly discriminatory and failed to provide for many New Yorkers.[9] Noting this need, the commission recommended the creation of a public state university system. Following the temporary commission's report in 1948, legislation was passed by the state legislature establishing the new State University of New York (SUNY) on the foundation of the earlier teacher-training ("normal") schools established in the 19th century.e-ranging comprehensive Most of them had already developed more wide-ranging comprehensive curriculum similar to those found at other four-year liberal arts schools / colleges in the state and elsewhere in America long before the creation of SUNY, as evidenced by the fact they had become known as "Colleges for Teachers" rather than as only "Teachers' Colleges."

Five years later, on October 8, 1953, SUNY took a historic and controversial step of banning all national fraternities and sororities for students from its 33 campuses, a ban that lasted 24 years until 1977.[10] The resolution was passed as an attempt to combat discrimination based on race or religion in many national organizations at the time.[11] Various fraternities challenged this rule in state court since it did not distinguish between those with discriminatory clauses in their by-laws and those who did not.[12] The SUNY resolution was upheld in court as being within a state's authority to supervise and control its educational institutions and activities on their campuses.[13]

In 1986, L. Eudora Pettigrew became the first African-American college president in the SUNY system when she was named president of SUNY Old Westbury.[14]

Despite being one of the last states in the nation to establish a state university, the system was quickly expanded during the chancellorship of Samuel B. Gould and the administration of Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller, who took a personal interest in the design and construction of new SUNY facilities across the state.[15][16] Rockefeller championed the acquisition of the private University of Buffalo into the SUNY system, making the public State University of New York at Buffalo.[17]

Organization

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SUNY is governed by a State University of New York Board of Trustees, which consists of eighteen members, fifteen of whom are appointed by the Governor, with consent of the New York State Senate. The sixteenth member is the president of The State University of New York Student Assembly. The last two members are the presidents of the University Faculty Senate and Faculty Council of Community Colleges, both of whom are non-voting. The board of trustees appoints the chancellor who serves as SUNY Chief Executive Officer.

The state of New York assists in financing the SUNY system, which, along with CUNY, provides lower-cost college-level education to residents of the state. SUNY students also come from out-of-state and 171 foreign countries, though tuition is higher for these students. Although tuition is higher for these non-resident students, their tuition is subsidized by New York State taxpayers.[citation needed]

There is a large variety of colleges in the SUNY system with some overlap in specialties between sites. SUNY divides its campuses into four distinct categories: university centers/doctoral-granting institutions, comprehensive colleges, technology colleges, and community colleges. SUNY also includes statutory colleges, state-funded colleges within other institutions such as Cornell University and Alfred University. Students at the statutory colleges who are residents of New York state receive the benefit of state-subsidized tuition while enjoying all of the campus life amenities of the host institutions.

SUNY and the City University of New York (CUNY) higher education system in New York City and its many institutions and campuses are completely different and separate college / university systems, however both receiving funding from the New York State budget and appropriations.

Also, SUNY is not to be confused with the separate earlier University of the State of New York (USNY), which is the governmental umbrella organization / agency for most education-related institutions and many education-related personnel (both public and private) in New York State, and which includes, as components, the famous Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York (Board of Regents) which develop the nationally-renowned and vaunted rigorous graduation examinations program for 158 years since 1866 for proposed graduates of the state's high school / secondary school senior students before receiving their academic diplomas at commencement exercises / ceremonies. Also part of the older USNY agency is the supervising New York State Education Department and the New York State University Police.

Presidents and chancellors

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SUNY System Administration Building ("The SUNY Castle") of Gothic Revival / Collegiate Gothic style stone architecture, with landmark tower; headquarters for the State University of New York at the state capital city of Albany
Executive Title Term
Alvin C. Eurich President January 1, 1949 – August 31, 1951
Charles Garside Acting President September 1, 1951 – March 31, 1952
William S. Carlson President April 1, 1952 – September, 1958
Thomas H. Hamilton President August 1, 1959 – December 31, 1962
J. Lawrence Murray Acting Chief Administrative Officer January 1, 1963 – August 31, 1964
Samuel B. Gould President
Chancellor		 September 1, 1964 – January 11, 1967
January 12, 1967 – August 30, 1970
Ernest L. Boyer Chancellor September 1, 1970 – March 31, 1977
James F. Kelly Acting Chancellor April 1, 1977 – January 24, 1978
Clifton R. Wharton, Jr. Chancellor January 25, 1978 – January 31, 1987
Jerome B. Komisar Acting Chancellor February 1, 1987 – July 31, 1988
D. Bruce Johnstone Chancellor August 1, 1988 – February 28, 1994
Joseph C. Burke Interim Chancellor March 1, 1994 – November 30, 1994
Thomas A. Bartlett Chancellor December 1, 1994 – June 30, 1996
John W. Ryan Interim Chancellor
Chancellor		 July 1, 1996 – April 20, 1997
April 21, 1997 – December 31, 1999
Robert L. King Chancellor January 1, 2000 – May 31, 2005
John R. Ryan Acting Chancellor
Chancellor		 June 1, 2005 – December 19, 2005
December 20, 2005 – May 31, 2007
John B. Clark Interim Chancellor June 1, 2007 – December, 2008
John J. O'Connor Officer-in-Charge December 22, 2008 – May 31, 2009
Nancy L. Zimpher Chancellor June 1, 2009 – September 4, 2017
Kristina M. Johnson Chancellor September 5, 2017 – August 31, 2020
Jim Malatras Chancellor August 31, 2020 – January 14, 2022
Deborah F. Stanley Interim Chancellor January 15, 2022 – January 9, 2023
John King Jr. Chancellor January 9, 2023 – Present

Student representation

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Purchase College in Purchase

The SUNY Board of Trustees has a voting student member on the board. The student trustee serves a dual role as the President of the Student Assembly of the State University of New York (SUNYSA). SUNYSA is the recognized student government of the SUNY system.

In the 1970s, students pressed for voting representation on the governing board of SUNY colleges. In 1971, the State Legislature added five student voting members to Cornell's board of trustees. However, at that time, all members of a board must be over the age of 21 for a corporation to hold a liquor license, so to allow Cornell to retain its license, the legislature had to go back to amend NYS Alcoholic Beverage Control Law § 126(4) to require half the board must be 21.

In 1975, the legislature added a non-voting student seat to the boards of all SUNY units. Two Attorney General of the State of New York opinion letters[18] reduced the parliamentary rights of the student members to participate at meetings and indicated they were not in fact Public Officers, and arguably subject to personal liability from lawsuits. In 1977, another statutory amendment made student members of SUNY councils and boards subject to the NYS Public Officers Law or NYS General Municipal Law and granted student representatives parliamentary powers of moving or seconding motions and of placing items on the agendas of the bodies. Finally, the legislature gave full voting rights to the student members in 1979, resulting in the students of all SUNY units having voting representatives, except for the NYS College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Finally, in 1986, the legislature gave the student representative of that college voting rights as well.[19]

Libraries

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The SUNY Libraries Consortium (SLC) is an independent organisation which supports its members,[20] the libraries of SUNY.[21]

Campuses

[edit]
See also: List of State University of New York units
The College of Optometry in New York City
Buffalo State University
SUNY Oswego
SUNY Korea
class=notpageimage|
Location of SUNY campuses within New York state.
Red: University centers; Black: Other doctoral-granting institutions; Yellow: Comprehensive colleges; Green: Technology colleges; Blue: Community colleges.

All SUNY colleges are in New York State, except for Jamestown Community College and SUNY Korea.

Jamestown Community College operates its Warren Center in Pennsylvania under a contract with the Warren-Forest Higher Education Council and the center is licensed by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. The Warren Center is 25 miles south of Jamestown, New York on the grounds of Warren State Hospital, in North Warren, Pennsylvania.[22]

SUNY Korea was opened by the government of South Korea in Incheon, South Korea in 2012, in conjunction with SUNY.[23] As of 2023, it offers undergraduate and graduate programs, with faculty from Stony Brook University and the Fashion Institute of Technology.

SUNY's sole law school is the University at Buffalo School of Law.[24]

Doctoral degree granting institutions

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University centers

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Specialized doctoral degree granting institutions

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See also: Statutory college

University colleges

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Technology colleges

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Community colleges

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Medical centers and hospitals

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Stony Brook University Hospital
Upstate University Hospital
University Hospital of Brooklyn

The State University of New York operates three comprehensive academic medical centers, which integrate a medical school with a university hospital:[25]

A fourth medical school, the Jacobs School of Medicine in Buffalo, does not have its own hospital, and instead affiliates with several Buffalo-area hospitals. The SUNY system is also home to the College of Optometry in New York City, which maintains its own eye clinic.[25]

Each medical center serves as the primary teaching site for that campus's medical school. SUNY medical programs have consistently ranked in the top 90 in both research and primary care categories, according to annual rankings published by U.S. News & World Report.[26] The teaching hospitals affiliated with each school are also highly regarded and in 2022 all three medical centers generated US$3.86 billion through patient care accounting for 29% of total SUNY revenue.[27]

In the latter half of the 20th century, the SUNY hospitals became the cores of full-fledged regional health systems; they were gradually supplemented by many outpatient clinics, offices, and institutes. SUNY medical centers currently play a major role in providing healthcare to the most-needy and marginalized populations and serve large numbers of patients who are uninsured, under-insured or covered by Medicare and Medicaid programs.[1] In 2020, medical school applications increased by 20.4% at SUNY medical schools systemwide,[28] with schools receiving over 24,118 applications from students for only 685 seats.[28][29]

With rising interest in medicine, former SUNY Chancellor Jim Malatras announced the first statewide initiative, the Pre-Med Opportunity Program, to help more EOP students get accepted into SUNY's medical schools in February 2021.[30] Later in the year in May, 25 college students in junior/senior standing from 10 SUNY schools were selected to receive academic guidance at the Norton College of Medicine while pursuing their medical degrees.[31][32] The SUNY system will cover all costs for the summer academic enrichment program and the program will expand over the next few years.[31]

SUNY medical, health professions and nursing schools graduate more than 11,000 health professionals annually, including one of three physicians (1 in 33 in the United States),[29] nearly one of three nurses and one of four dentists in the state.[30][31]

Statistics

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University centers

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Stony Brook's West Campus
University at Buffalo's Kapoor Hall

New York's largest public university by enrollment is the State University of New York at Buffalo, which was founded by U.S President and Vice President Millard Fillmore. Buffalo has an enrollment total of approximately 32,000 students and receives the most applications out of all SUNY schools.[33][34][35]

Campus Acreage Founded Enrollment[36] Endowment[37] Operations Acceptance Rate[36] USNWR Rank (2024)[38] Athletics Nickname Athletics
Albany 586 1844 17,544 US$77.7 million $0.54 billion 53% 133 Great Danes NCAA Div I America East
Binghamton 930 1946 18,124 US$117.8 million $0.45 billion 41% 73 Bearcats NCAA Div I America East
Buffalo 1,346 1846 31,923 US$788.9 million $3.53 billion 60% 76 Bulls NCAA Div I
Mid-American
Stony Brook 1,454 1957 26,814 US$360.2 million $2.09 billion 44% 58 Seawolves NCAA Div I CAA

Costs

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University at Albany's Weather Center

For the 2017–2018 academic year, tuition costs at SUNY schools for an undergraduate degree are less than two-thirds the cost of most public colleges in the United States. For example, tuition at the University at Buffalo for an undergraduate degree is $9,828 per semester or $27,068 per year for non-resident students.[39] Undergraduate tuition for non-resident students at the University of Maryland is $35,216 per year.[40]

Non-resident tuition and fees at University of Oregon are $32,535 per year.[41]

New York State also offers free tuition for all public college and universities for families who have an income of lower than $125,000 and are residents of the state. Other requirements to qualify for free SUNY education include full-time enrollment and staying in the state for a number of years after graduating.[42][43] In the 2017-2018 award year, 70,694 SUNY students received the Federal Pell Grant.[44]

For the 2019–2020 academic year, medical school tuition costs at the Norton College of Medicine for the M.D. program were: $43,670 (in-state) and $65,160 (out-of-state). Tuition costs across all SUNY medical schools are similar to those at Norton and the cost is less than the average cost of medical schools in the United States.[45]

Research funding

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School NSF Funding Rank Funding Dollars (USD)[46]
Buffalo 56 $387,863,000
Stony Brook 97 $225,712,000
Albany 134 $137,759,000
Binghamton 161 $76,005,000
Downstate 211 $39,354,000
Upstate 222 $34,286,000
ESF 259 $21,239,000
Optometry 428 $3,637,000
Farmingdale 441 $3,213,000
Buffalo State 515 $2,106,000
Purchase 567 $1,433,000
Brockport 577 $1,321,000
Geneseo 592 $1,201,000
Cobleskill 625 $908,000
Cortland 629 $819,000
Oswego 632 $725,000

Athletics

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Every school within the SUNY system manages its own athletics program, which greatly varies the level of competition at each institution.

NCAA and NJCAA

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Division I

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Divisions II and III

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Other associations

[edit]

Rivalries

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The most prominent intra-SUNY rivalry is between the Albany Great Danes and Binghamton Bearcats. The two belong to the America East Conference. Frequently referred to as the I-88 Rivalry, Binghamton and Albany sit at either end of Interstate 88 (roughly 2.5 hours apart). Both teams are known to post the highest visitor attendance at either school's athletic events. Both schools also have less intense rivalries with a former America East member, the Stony Brook Seawolves. In football, a sport not sponsored by the America East, Albany and Stony Brook have a rivalry in the Coastal Athletic Association, and play each other annually in the Battle for the Golden Apple.

The University at Buffalo tends to have a rivalry in basketball with two private colleges in the same geographical area. Canisius College and Buffalo's South Campus are 2.5 miles apart on Main St. in Buffalo. Their other rival is Niagara University in Lewiston, NY. All three share rivalries with Saint Bonaventure University, another private college 70 miles south of Buffalo.

SUNY Oswego and SUNY Plattsburgh also share a notable rivalry in Division III Hockey, with that game almost always having the SUNYAC regular season title up for grabs.

SUNY Cobleskill and SUNY Delhi rivalry focuses on basketball, cross country, and previously track, although Cobleskill track and field started competing at the NCAA Division III level in spring 2009. The SUNY Delhi 2003-2004 basketball season was canceled after a basketball game was called with 48 seconds left after several SUNY Delhi basketball players nearly started a brawl in the Ioro Gymnasium at SUNY Cobleskill on Wednesday February 4, 2004.

SUNY Oneonta has developed a rivalry in almost every sport with SUNY Cortland. They share the red dragon as a team nickname, and their matchups are known as the "Battle of the Red Dragons".

There is an unusual sports rivalry between SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry and Finger Lakes Community College, with both campuses sponsoring nationally ranked teams in woodsman competitions.

SUNY Chancellor's Awards

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The SUNY Chancellor's Awards for Excellence are conferred to acknowledge and provide recognition for superior achievement and to encourage the ongoing pursuit of academic excellence.

The SUNY Chancellor's Award for Student Excellence acknowledges students for outstanding achievements and is the highest honor bestowed upon a student by the University. The faculty-staff awards include the Chancellor's Award for Excellence, Distinguished Faculty ranks, Conversations in the Disciplines, the Shared Governance Award, and the Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Adjunct Teaching.[49]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "2023 Annual Financial Report" (PDF). Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e "SUNY Fast Facts". SUNY. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  3. ^ "Short History of SUNY". The State University of New York. SUNY. Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2009.
  4. ^ Applebome, Peter (23 July 2010). "The Accidental Giant of Higher Education". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  5. ^ Tam, Ethan (7 January 2022). "Stony Brook and Buffalo were formally named New York public flagship universities". The Statesman. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
  6. ^ "SUNY Upstate Grows As Budget Shrinks". 26 October 2010. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  7. ^ "The Economic and Community Impact of Upstate Medical University" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  8. ^ "Educating Educators for 200 Years". Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  9. ^ Tod Ottman, "Forging SUNY in New York's Political Cauldron," in SUNY at Sixty: The Promise of the State University of New York, ed. John B. Clark, W. Bruce Leslie and Kenneth P. O'Brien (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2010), 19.
  10. ^ "Our History | SUNY Buffalo State University". suny.buffalostate.edu. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  11. ^ "State U. Bans Social Societies on Bias Count". Cornell Daily Sun. Vol. 70, no. 15. 9 October 1953. p. 1. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
  12. ^ "WEBB v. STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK | 125 F.Supp. 910 (1954)". Leagle.com. 7 June 1954. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  13. ^ "WEBB v. STATE UNIVERSITY | 125 F.Supp. 910 (1954) | supp9101835 | Leagle.com". Leagle. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  14. ^ "In Memoriam: L. Eudora Pettigrew | UDaily". UDaily. University of Delaware. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
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  16. ^ SUNY at Sixty, XIX
  17. ^ "SUNY Buffalo School of Management History". University at Buffalo. 2017. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  18. ^ 1975 Op. Atty. Gen., November 25 and 1976 Op. Atty. Gen., June 14
  19. ^ "Student Members of the Boards of Trustees and College Councils". SUNY. 28 May 1986. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2010.
  20. ^ "SLC Guides: SUNY Libraries Consortium (SLC): About". Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  21. ^ "Office of Library and Information Services". Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  22. ^ "JCC Warren, PA Center". Jamestown, New York: Jamestown Community College. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
  23. ^ "SUNY Korea".
  24. ^ "University at Buffalo Law School". buffalo.edu. Archived from the original on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  25. ^ a b "Academic Medical Centers and Hospitals". Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  26. ^ "Medical Schools in the US". Archived from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  27. ^ "SUNY Financial Fact Book 2022" (PDF).
  28. ^ a b "Applications up at SUNY medical schools". 22 December 2020. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  29. ^ a b "AMCAS data school". Archived from the original on 8 July 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  30. ^ a b "Chancellor Malatras Announces First Ever Statewide Initiative to Help More EOP Students Get Into SUNY's Medical Universities". Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  31. ^ a b c "Chancellor Malatras Announces the Inaugural Class of the Pre-Med Opportunity Program".
  32. ^ "2 UAlbany students accepted into Pre-Med Opportunity Program". 19 May 2021. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  33. ^ "SUNY Buffalo: Complete Campus List". Suny.edu. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  34. ^ "Chancellors and Presidents of the University". University of Buffalo, The State University of New York. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  35. ^ Hill, David J. (April 13, 2017). "Another Record-Breaking Year for Applications to UB." Archived 2017-04-14 at the Wayback Machine Buffalo.edu. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
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  38. ^ "Best National University Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
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  40. ^ "University of Maryland Costs". Umd.edu. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  41. ^ University of Oregon. "Tuition - University of Oregon". Financialaid.uoregon.edu. Archived from the original on 18 December 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  42. ^ Excelsior Scholarship Program. Archived 2017-08-06 at the Wayback Machine HESC.NY.gov. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
  43. ^ Jaschik, Scott (April 10, 2017). "New York Adopts Free Tuition." Archived 2017-08-06 at the Wayback Machine InsideHigherEd.com. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
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  49. ^ "The Chancellor's Awards for Excellence". SUNY. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
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