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Chronica Hungarorum

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Chronica Hungarorum – Thuróczy Chronicle
Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy Chronicle, Chronicle of the Hungarians, Johannes Thuróczy, medieval, chronicle, book, illumination, illustration, history
The first page of the Augsburg edition of the Chronica Hungarorum by Johannes Thuróczy from 1488, also known as the "Thuróczy Chronicle". For the first time in history, gold paint was used for this print. This edition is stored in the National Széchény Library in Budapest in Hungary.
AuthorJohannes Thuróczy
Original titleChronica Hungarorum
LanguageLatin
SubjectsHistory of the Hungarians
GenreChronicle
Published1488
Publication placeKingdom of Hungary
Media typePrint

Chronica Hungarorum (Latin for "Chronicle of the Hungarians") (Hungarian: A magyarok krónikája), also known as the Thuróczy Chronicle, is the title of a 15th-century Latin-language Hungarian chronicle written by Johannes de Thurocz by compiling several earlier works in 1488. It served as the primary source for the history of medieval Hungary for centuries.[1]

History

[edit]

The historical knowledge of future generations of people was based on the Thuróczy Chronicle, because it was the most complete medieval Hungarian history at that time. The chronicle itself was the result of historiographical construction of the predecessor Hungarian chronicles over the previous centuries from the time of the Ancient Gesta. According to Thuróczy, he worked from contemporary works of the time of King Charles I (1301–1342) and King Louis I (1342–1382), which also based on older chronicles. The basic premise of the Hungarian medieval chronicle tradition that the Huns, i.e. the Hungarians coming out twice from Scythia, the guiding principle was the Hun-Hungarian continuity.[2]

No one doubts that the mother of the Huns, namely the Hungarians, was Scythia: Even at the beginning of their exodus from Scythia, the famous fighting virtue glowed in them, and now, in our day, their swords are flashing over the head of the enemy.

— Johannes Thuróczy: Chronica Hungarorum[3]

King Matthias of Hungary was happy to be described as "the second Attila".[4] In the prologue of his chronicle, Thuróczy set the goal of glorifying Attila, which was undeservedly neglected, moreover, he introduced the famous "Scourge of God" characterization to the later Hungarian writers, because the earlier chronicles remained hidden for a long time. Thuróczy worked hard to endear Attila, the Hun king with an effort far surpassing his predecessor chroniclers. He made Attila a model for his victorious ruler, King Matthias of Hungary (1458–1490) who had Attila's abilities, with this he almost brought "the hammer of the world" to life.[2]

The chronicle describes the history of Hungarians from the earliest times to 1487. The chronicle contains hand-colored woodcuts depicting 41 Hungarian kings and leaders. The Augsburg edition of the Chronica Hungarorum from 1488 is the first known print made with gold paint.

The images are listed together with the title of the chapter in the same order as their appearance in the chronicle.

Illustration Description

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Matthias Corvinus, Matthias Hunyadi, Beatrice of Aragon, Beatrice of Naples, coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Great Coats of Arms of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary

The Great Coats of Arms of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Saint Ladislaus of Hungary, Cuman, chasing, horse, duel, axe, fight, girl kidnapping, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
Saint Ladislaus Chases the Cuman Warrior Who Kidnapped a Girl

Saint Ladislaus Chases the Cuman Warrior Who Kidnapped a Girl
  • Two scene in one picture. Saint Ladislaus is chasing and fighting a duel with a Cuman warrior. The legends related to Saint Ladislaus of Hungary, the events of the Battle of Kerlés in 1068 described in the chronicle and the scene of the girl kidnapping had a deep impact on posterity. The scene of the fight of the Christian king symbolizes the victory of Christianity over paganism.

The Prologue of Master Johannes Thuróczy to the First Book of the Chronicle of the Hungarians

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, golden, frame, flowers, ornaments, decoration, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
Page With Golden Frame

Preface

It seemed they are almost silent that even about the glory of the deeds by the great King Attila, because a weak pen wrote it down, although his deeds are no less worthy of praise. But we should not accuse the old Hungarians of the sin of allowing the memory of their past to sink into the deep sea of forgetfulness. The generation of men who lived at the time of these events were more occupied with the sound of guns than with the science of casting letters. Because even in our time, a part of the same nation, which lives in the region of Transylvania, knows how to carve some kind of letters in wood, and using this rune, they live with it in the manner of casting letters. I think it was only the hatred of foreign peoples deprived King Attila from the glorifying pen that would have been worthy of his victories, and this robbed King Attila from the glory of the imperial title as well. That is why we find that nothing was written in praise of the deeds he accomplished, only the misery he caused was recorded in lamentable songs... Therefore, in order to describe in more detail the region of Scythia and the era worthy of immortality due to the great deeds of King Attila, and at the same time to review the history of the Hungarian kings who came after him, which had been written in the past, and to correct any mistakes in them due to the carelessness of their writers: encouraged by your encouragement, I gathered courage, to begin a task beyond my strength.

— Johannes Thuróczy: Chronica Hungarorum[3]

The Arrival of the Huns Into Pannonia and the Battle of Tárnok Valley

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Battle of the Tárnok Valley, Pannonia, Huns, Romans, Keve captain, cavalry, armored soldiers, fight, battle, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
Battle of the Tárnok Valley

Battle of Tárnok Valley
  • The Battle of Tárnok Valley was a legendary battle in the medieval Hungarian chronicles between the Huns and Romans in Pannonia. Captain Keve fell during the battle.

According to the old history of the Hungarians, Captain Keve and 125,000 men of the Huns fell in this battle, and 210,000 men of the army of Detre and Macrinus fell, not counting those who were destroyed in their tents by the night battle...According to Scythian custom, Captain Keve's body was buried with due respect in a grave worthy of him, beside the highway, and a statue, that is a stone pillar was erected there with great ceremony as an eternal memory of this great event.

— Johannes Thuróczy: Chronica Hungarorum[3]

The Battle Near a Place Named Zeiselmauer

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Battle of Zeiselmauer, Pannonia, Huns, Romans, cavalry, armored soldiers, fight, battle, Hungarian flag, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
Battle of Zeiselmauer

Battle of Zeiselmauer
  • The Battle of Zeiselmauer was a legendary battle in the medieval Hungarian chronicles between the Huns and Romans in Pannonia.

After the Huns, namely the Hungarians experienced the bravery of the Romans and the way of their warefare, they reorganized their army, rushed the Transdanubian regions of Pannonia, took possession of them and they moved the people of their house here, then they moved towards the city of Tulln, where their opponents were assembled. Detre, Macrinus, and all the available forces of the Roman army marched against them on the field of Zeiselmauer. Both opponents attacked the opposing teams with equal fierceness. And the Huns wanted to die rather than retreat in the battle, according to Scythian custom they made a terrifying noise, they beat their drums and used every weapon against the enemy, but most of all their innumerable number of arrows. This caused the Roman troops to be confused, and so the Huns made a great slaughter among them. The morning began, and in a fierce battle which lasted until nine o'clock, the Roman army was defeated and put to flight with enormous loss.

— Johannes Thuróczy: Chronica Hungarorum[3]

Election of King Attila, His Morals and Weapons He Used Against the Enemy

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Attila, Turul flag, crown, sword, throne, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Attila

King Attila

King Attila himself was feared by his own subjects because of his innate strictness and gloomy look, but he behaved with a noble spirit towards the peoples subject to him. As a military insignia, a crowned falcon was painted on both his shield and his flag. This military badge was worn by the Huns, namely the Hungarians, until the time of the son of Prince Taksony, Prince Géza. His title was like this: Attila son of Bendegúz, grandson of the great Nimrod who was raised in Engaddi, by the grace of God, King of the Huns, Medes, Goths and Danes, the Fear of the World, the Scourge of God.

— Johannes Thuróczy: Chronica Hungarorum[3]

The Famous and Great Battle of King Attila Which Was Fought on the Catalaunum Plain

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, Attila, Aetius, Huns, Romans, cavalry, armored soldiers, fight, battle, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
Battle of the Catalaunian Plains

Battle of the Catalaunian Plains

About the First Captain, the White Horse, the Golden Saddle and the Golden Brake

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Árpád, Grand Prince of the Hungarians, sword, throne, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
Árpád, the First Captain

Árpád, the First Captain
  • Árpád, Grand Prince of the Hungarians.

And since Captain Árpád held a certain special dignity in Scythia, and it was the legal and approved Scythian custom of his tribe that when going on a campaign, one had to go first, and on retreat one had to stay behind – as a result, Árpád allegedly preceded the other captains in the entry into Pannonia.

— Johannes Thuróczy: Chronica Hungarorum[3]

About the First Captain, the White Horse, the Golden Saddle and the Golden Brake

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Hungarian campaign, Seven chieftains of the Hungarians, Grand Prince Árpád, Svatopluk, battle, fight, sword, armor, soldiers, cavalry, Hungarian flag, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Hungarians defeat Svatopluk

The Hungarians Defeat Svatopluk

Meanwhile, Árpád entered Pannonia with the Seven Leaders – not as a guest, but as one who owns this land by right of inheritance... Upon hearing this, the leader [Svatopluk] suddenly gathered an army because he was afraid of the Hungarians. He asked his friends for help, and they all marched together against the Hungarians. In the meantime, they arrived at the Danube, and in the early dawn, they went into battle in a beautiful field. The help of the Lord was with the Hungarians, and before their sight the aforementioned leader retreated and ran. The Hungarians pursued him all the way to the Danube, and here he threw himself into the Danube in fear, and drowned in the fast-flowing water. The Lord returned Pannonia to the Hungarians, just as He gave the land of Sihon, the king of the Amorites, and the entire kingdom of Canaan to the children of Israel in the time of Moses.

— Johannes Thuróczy: Chronica Hungarorum[3]

The Second Captain

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Szabolcs, the Second Captain

Szabolcs, the Second Captain

The Third Captain

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Gyula, the Third Captain

Gyula, the Third Captain

The Fourth Captain

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Kund, the Fourth Captain

Kund, the Fourth Captain

The Fifth Captain

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Lehel, the Fifth Captain

Lehel, the Fifth Captain

The Sixth Captain

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Vérbulcsú, the Sixth Captain

Vérbulcsú, the Sixth Captain

The Seventh Captain

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Örs, the Seventh Captain

Örs, the Seventh Captain

The Hungarians Are Destroying Bulgaria

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Hungarian Campaign Against Bulgaria

Hungarian Campaign Against Bulgaria

The Birth and Reign of Saint Stephen, the First King of the Hungarians

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Saint Stephen of Hungary, Prince Saint Emeric of Hungary, throne, angels, crown, orb, scepter, holy, double cross, Árpád stripes, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Saint Stephen and Prince Saint Emeric

King Saint Stephen and Prince Saint Emeric

Battle of King Saint Stephen Against Koppány, Duke of Somogy

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Saint Stephen of Hungary, Koppány, battle, fight, sword, horse, armor, soldiers, cavalry, medieval, Hungarian flag, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
Battle of King Saint Stephen Against Koppány

Battle of King Saint Stephen Against Koppány

The Death of King Saint Stephen and the Election of King Peter

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Peter Orseolo of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, double cross, Árpád stripes, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Peter

King Peter

Expulsion of Peter and Election of Aba as King

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Samuel Aba of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Samuel Aba

King Samuel Aba

The Coronation of King Andrew Who Was Called Endre the First

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Andrew I of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Andrew I

King Andrew I

The Coronation and Engagement of King Solomon

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Solomon of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Solomon

King Solomon

The Coronation, Life and Reign of King Béla the First

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Béla I of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Béla I

King Béla I

The King’s Fraud, the Two Campaigns of the Princes and Their Victory

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Solomon of Hungary, Prince Géza of Hungary, battle, Greeks, Byzantine, Belgrade, Niš, Hungarian flag, horses, spikes, fight, armored soldiers, cavalry, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Battle of King Solomon and Prince Géza Against the Greeks

The Battle of King Solomon and Prince Géza Against the Greeks

How Géza the First Was Crowned As King After the Defeat and Running Away of King Solomon

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Géza I of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, double cross, Árpád stripes, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Géza I

King Géza I

The Coronation and Campaigns of Saint Ladislaus the First, Brother of Géza and Son of King Béla the First

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Saint Ladislaus of Hungary, holy, horse, axe, medieval, Hungarian coat of arms, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Saint Ladislaus

King Saint Ladislaus

The Coronation of Coloman, Son of King Géza the First, Grandson of King Béla the First

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Coloman of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Coloman

King Coloman

After the Death of King Coloman, His Son, Stephen the Second Was Crowned As King

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Stephen II of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, double cross, Árpád stripes, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Stephen II

King Stephen II

The Reign of Béla the Second the Blind, He Is the Son of Prince Álmos, Grandson of Lampert, Great-Grandson of King Béla the First

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Béla II of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Béla the Blind

King Béla the Blind

The Coronation and the Deeds of King Géza the Second, the First-Born Son of King Béla the Blind

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Géza II of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Géza II

King Géza II

The Coronation and the Deeds of King Géza the Second, the First-Born Son of King Béla the Blind

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Battle of the Fischa in 1146, King Géza II of Hungary, Palatine Belos, Duke Henry X, battle, Hungary, Austria, Germans, horses, fight, armored soldiers, cavalry, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Battle of the Fischa

The Battle of the Fischa

The Coronation of King Stephen the Third, Who Was the Son of Géza the Second and the Grandson of King Béla The Blind. Prince Ladislaus, the Second Son of King Béla the Blind Usurs the Crown

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Stephen III of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Stephen III

King Stephen III

The Coronation of King Béla the Third, Who Was the Brother of Stephen the Third and the Son of Géza the Second

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Béla III of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Béla III

King Béla III

The Coronation of King Emeric, Who Was the Son of King Béla the Third

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Emeric of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Emeric

King Emeric

The Coronation of King Ladislaus the Third, Who Was the Son of King Emeric

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Ladislaus III of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Ladislaus III

King Ladislaus III

The Coronation of King Andrew the Second, Father of Saint Elizabeth, He Was the Son of King Béla the Third and Was Also Called Andrew of Jerusalem

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Andrew II of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Andrew II

King Andrew II

The Coronation of King Béla the Fourth, He Was the Son of King Andrew the Second. Also the First Arrival of the Tatars and the Terrible Destruction of Hungary

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Béla IV of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, double cross, Árpád stripes, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Béla IV

King Béla IV

The War of King Béla With Ottokar, King of Bohemia

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Battle of Kressenbrunn in 1260, King Béla IV of Hungary, King Ottokar of Bohemia, battle, Hungary, Austria, Bohemia, fight, armored soldiers, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Battle of Kressenbrunn

The Battle of Kressenbrunn

The Coronation of King Stephen the Fifth, Son of King Béla the Fourth

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Stephen V of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Stephen V

King Stephen V

The Coronation of King Ladislaus the Fourth, Son of King Stephen the Fifth, Who Is Called Ladislaus the Cuman

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle,King Ladislaus IV of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Ladislaus the Cuman

King Ladislaus the Cuman

The Coronation of King Andrew the Third, the Grandson of King Andrew the Second, He Was Also Called Andrew the Venetian

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Andrew III of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Andrew III

King Andrew III

Ladislaus, that is King Wenceslaus Leaves Hungary and Returns to Bohemia

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Wenceslaus of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Wenceslaus

King Wenceslaus

Bringing Otto, Prince of Bavaria to Hungary, His Coronation, Captivity and Expulsion, All This Is the Work of Some Barons Against Charles the Child

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Otto of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, Árpád stripes, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Otto

King Otto
  • King Otto of Hungary.

The Arrival of Friar Cardinal Gentilis to Hungary and the Crowning of Charles as King

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Charles I of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Charles I

King Charles I

The Unfortunate Campaign of King Charles Against Voivode Basarab of Wallachia

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Battle of Posada in 1330, King Charles I of Hungary, King Charles Robert of Hungary, Basarab I of Wallachia, battle, Hungary, Wallachia, fight, armored soldiers, cavalry, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Battle of Posada

The Battle of Posada

The Coronation, Life and Campaigns of King Louis

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Louis I of Hungary, King Louis the Great of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, double cross, Árpád stripes, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Louis I

King Louis I

The Campaign Against the Croatians

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Louis I of Hungary, King Louis the Great of Hungary, Croatians, campaign, battle, Hungary, Croatia, fight, armored soldiers, cavalry, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Campaign of King Louis I Against the Croatians

The Campaign of King Louis I Against the Croatians
  • The campaign of King Louis I of Hungary against the rebellious Croatian nobles. King Louis I marched to Croatia in June 1345 and besieged Knin.

The Battle of Voivode Stephen Against the Army of Louis, Husband of Joanna Around Naples

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Stephen Lackfi, Louis of Taranto, Queen Joanna of Naples, campaign, battle, Hungary, Naples, fight, armored soldiers, cavalry, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Battle of Stephen Lackfi Against Louis of Taranto Around Naples

The Battle of Stephen Lackfi Against Louis of Taranto Around Naples

The Coronation of Queen Mary and This Following Hate

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Queen Mary of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
Queen Mary

Queen Mary
  • Queen Mary of Hungary.

The Coronation of King Charles

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Charles II of Hungary, King Charles the Short, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Charles II

King Charles II

The Coronation of King Sigismund

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Sigismund of Hungary, Sigismund Holy Roman Emperor, throne, crown, orb, scepter, double cross, Árpád stripes, Hungarian coat of arms, Coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire, German coat of arms, Bohemian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Sigismund

King Sigismund

Punishment of Ban John Horvati

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Campaign of King Sigismund Against the Rebel Lords

Campaign of King Sigismund Against the Rebel Lords
  • Campaign of King Sigismund of Hungary against the rebellious House of Horvat in 1387.

King Sigismund’s Wars Against the Hussites and the Burning of John Hus

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Sigismund of Hungary, Hussites, campaign, battle, Hungary, Bohemia, Czech, fight, horses, armored soldiers, cavalry, Hungarian flag, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Wars of King Sigismund Against the Hussites

The Wars of King Sigismund Against the Hussites

The Campaign of the Hungarians in the Region of Bosnia

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Sigismund of Hungary, Bosnia, Hungary, campaign, battle, fight, horses, armored soldiers, cavalry, Hungarian flag, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Campaign of Hungarians Against Bosnia

The Campaign of Hungarians Against Bosnia
  • The campaign of Hungarians against Bosnia during the reign of King Sigismund of Hungary.

The Coronation of King Albert and the Plundering in the City of Buda

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Albert of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Albert

King Albert

The Birth and Crowning of Ladislaus the Child, and Taking of the Crown

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Ladislaus V of Hungary, throne, crown, orb, scepter, double cross, Árpád stripes, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Ladislaus V

King Ladislaus V

The Coronation of King Vladislaus, and the Internal Strife That Followed

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Vladislaus I of Hungary, Władysław III of Poland, Ladislaus of Varna, throne, crown, orb, scepter, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Vladislaus I

King Vladislaus I

The Battle of Lord Voivode John Around Belgrade

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, John Hunyadi, Hungary, Hungarians, Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, campaign, battle, fight, horses, armored soldiers, cavalry, Hungarian flag, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Battle of John Hunyadi Around Belgrade

The Battle of John Hunyadi Around Belgrade

The Transylvanian Campaign and Battle of Lord Voivode John

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Battle of Szeben, Battle of Hermannstadt, Transylvania, John Hunyadi, Hungary, Hungarians, Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, campaign, battle, fight, horses, armored soldiers, cavalry, Hungarian flag, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Battle of Szeben

The Battle of Szeben

The Battle of Lord Voivode John Which He Fought at the Iron Gate

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Battle of the Iron Gate, Transylvania, John Hunyadi, Hungary, Hungarians, Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, campaign, battle, fight, horses, armored soldiers, cavalry, Hungarian flag, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Battle of John Hunyadi at the Iron Gate

The Battle of John Hunyadi at the Iron Gate

Lord Voivode John Avenges the Grief on the Turks, Six Lucky Battles

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Long Campaign, John Hunyadi, Hungary, Hungarians, Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, campaign, battle, fight, horses, armored soldiers, cavalry, Hungarian flag, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Long Campaign of John Hunyadi

The Long Campaign of John Hunyadi

The Campaign and Destruction of King Vladislaus in the Area of Rumelia, Around the City of Varna, Close to the Sea

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Battle of Varna, King Vladislaus I of Hungary, Władysław III of Poland, John Hunyadi, Hungary, Hungarians, Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, campaign, battle, fight, horses, armored soldiers, cavalry, Hungarian flag, Hungarian coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Battle of Varna

The Battle of Varna

Election of Lord Voivode John as Governor and His Revenge Against Voivode Dracul

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, John Hunyadi, Hungary, warrior, armor, armoder soldier, 15th century, sword, shield, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
John Hunyadi

John Hunyadi

The Battle of Lord Governor at the Blackbird's Field

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Battle of Kosovo 1448, John Hunyadi, Hungary, Hungarians, Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, battle, fight, horses, armored soldiers, cavalry, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Battle of Kosovo

The Battle of Kosovo

The Emperor of the Turks Is Sieging Nándorfehérvár

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Siege of Belgrade 1456, Nándorfehérvár, John Hunyadi, Hungary, Hungarians, Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, siege, battle, castle, canons, tents, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
The Siege of Belgrade

The Siege of Belgrade
  • After the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 was a major issue for the entire Europe, the fall of Belgrade would have opened the gates of Europe to the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror mobilized his armies in an attempt to crush the Kingdom of Hungary, his immediate objective was the border fortress of Belgrade. John Hunyadi, who had fought many battles against the Turks in the previous two decades, prepared the defenses of the fortress. The siege escalated into a major battle, during which Hunyadi led a sudden counterattack that overran the Ottoman camp, ultimately compelling the wounded Mehmed II to lift the siege and retreat. The battle had significant consequences, as it stabilized the southern frontiers of the Kingdom of Hungary for more than half a century and thus considerably delayed the Ottoman advance in Europe.
  • Pope Callixtus III ordered the bells of every European church to be rung every day at noon, as a call for believers to pray for the defenders of the city. The news of victory arrived before the Pope’s order in many European countries. Therefore, the ringing of the church bells was believed to be in celebration of the victory. As a result, the church bells ringing is now the commemoration of the victory of John Hunyadi against the Ottomans.

The Election of Lord Count Matthias as King

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, King Matthias Hunyadi, throne, crown, orb, scepter, double cross, Árpád stripes, Hungarian coat of arms, Hunyadi coat of arms, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
King Matthias Corvinus

King Matthias Corvinus

Appendix at the end of the chronicle from Master Roger: A mournful song about the destruction of the Tatars in Hungary.

Illustration Description

The Arrival of Tatars in Hungary During the Time of King Béla the Fourth

Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, First Mongol invasion of Hungary 1241-1242, Tatars, Mongols, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history
First Mongol invasion of Hungary

First Mongol Invasion of Hungary

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Johannes Thuróczy: Chronica Hungarorum". Bibliotheca Corvina Virtualis – National Széchényi Library, Budapest, Hungary.
  2. ^ a b Dr. Szabados, György (1998). "A krónikáktól a Gestáig – Az előidő-szemlélet hangsúlyváltásai a 15–18. században" [From the chronicles to the Gesta - Shifts in emphasis of the pre-time perspective in the 15th–18th centuries]. Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, 102 (5-6) (PDF) (in Hungarian). MTA Irodalomtudományi Intézet (Institute for Literary Studies of Hungarian Academy of Sciences). pp. 615–641. ISSN 0021-1486.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Johannes Thuróczy: Chronica Hungarorum http://thuroczykronika.atw.hu/pdf/Thuroczy.pdf
  4. ^ Malcolm, Noel (2019). Useful Enemies: Islam and The Ottoman Empire in Western Political Thought, 1450-1750. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198830139. In Hungary, King Matthias Corvinus (r.1458–90) was happy to be described as 'the second Attila', and the tradition of identifying the Hungarians with 'Scythian' Huns, already present in the writings of earlier Hungarian chroniclers but greatly strengthened in his reign, would continue for hundreds of years.

Further reading

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  • Thuróczy, Johannes (1488). Chronica Hungarorum (PDF) (in Latin). Augsburg.
  • "Johannes Thuróczy: Chronica Hungarorum". Bibliotheca Corvina Virtualis – National Széchényi Library, Budapest, Hungary. Augsburg: Erhard Ratdolt, at the expense of Theobald Feger (Buda). 1488. Miklós Jankovich purchased it on March 24, 1823. It made its way to the Hungarian national library with the Jankovich collection in the 1830s.
  • "Johannes Thuróczy: Chronica Hungarorum". Bibliotheca Corvina Virtualis – National Széchényi Library, Budapest, Hungary. Augsburg: Erhard Ratdolt, at the expense of Theobald Feger (Buda). 1488. Joseph, Palatine of Hungary purchased it at an auction in Vienna in February 1845, and then he donated it to National Széchényi Library on March 14, 1845.
  • Thuróczy, Johannes (1490). Chronica Hungarorum (in German). Bavaria.
  • Thuróczy, János (1918). A magyarok krónikája [Chronicle of the Hungarians] (in Hungarian). Translated by Horváth, János. Magyar Helikon.
  • Thuróczy, János (1957). Magyar krónika (Thuróczy krónika 4. és 5. könyve, 1382–1487-ig tartó időszak) [Hungarians Chronicle (Book 4 and 5 from the Thuróczy Chronicle, Period of 1382–1487)] (PDF) (in Hungarian). Translated by Geréb, László. Magyar Helikon.