Jump to content

Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Beauty and the Beast
A Silhouette of Beast dancing with Belle behind warm light. The film's tagline reads "The most beautiful love story ever told" with each word stacked vertically.
Theatrical release poster by John Alvin[1]
Directed by
Screenplay byLinda Woolverton
Story by
Based on"Beauty and the Beast"
by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont
Produced byDon Hahn
Starring
Edited byJohn Carnochan
Music byAlan Menken
Production
company
Distributed byBuena Vista Pictures Distribution, Inc.[a]
Release dates
  • September 29, 1991 (1991-09-29) (NYFF)
  • November 22, 1991 (1991-11-22) (United States)
Running time
84 minutes[3]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$25 million[4]
Box office$424 million[4]

Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is based on the 1756 fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont,[b] in turn an abridged version of the 1740 story by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve. The film also incorporates ideas from the 1946 French film directed by Jean Cocteau.[6] The film was directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise (in their feature directorial debuts), and produced by Don Hahn, from a screenplay by Linda Woolverton.

Beauty and the Beast focuses on the relationship between the Beast, a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance and cruelty, and Belle, a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle in exchange for her father's freedom. To break the curse, the Beast must learn to love Belle and earn her love in return before the last petal from an enchanted rose falls, or else he will remain a monster forever. The film stars Paige O'Hara and Robby Benson as the voices of Belle and the Beast, respectively, as well as the ensemble voices of Richard White, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, Jesse Corti, Rex Everhart, Jo Anne Worley, and Angela Lansbury.[7]

Walt Disney first attempted to adapt Beauty and the Beast into an animated film during the 1930s and 1950s, but was unsuccessful. Following the success of The Little Mermaid (1989), Disney decided to adapt the fairy tale, which Richard Purdum originally conceived as a non-musical period drama. After seeing a test reel, Disney chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg scrapped Purdum's idea and ordered that the film be a musical similar to The Little Mermaid instead.[7] Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Howard Ashman, both of whom previously worked on The Little Mermaid, returned to write this film's songs, and Menken also composed the film's score. Ashman, who additionally served as the film's executive producer, died of AIDS-related complications eight months before the film's release, and the film is dedicated to his memory.

Beauty and the Beast premiered as an unfinished film at the New York Film Festival on September 29, 1991, followed by its theatrical release as a completed film at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on November 13. The film grossed $331 million at the box office worldwide on a $25 million budget and received widespread acclaim for its romantic narrative, animation (particularly the ballroom scene), characters, and musical numbers. Beauty and the Beast won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, the first animated film ever to win that category. It also became the first animated film ever to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture at the 64th Academy Awards. The film won the Academy Award for Best Original Score and Best Original Song for its title song and received additional nominations for Best Original Song (for "Belle" and "Be Our Guest") and Best Sound. In April 1994, Beauty and the Beast became Disney's first animated film to be adapted into a Broadway musical, which ran until 2007.

An IMAX version of the film was released in 2002, including the new song "Human Again", originally an eight-minute storyboarded musical sequence ultimately replaced with "Something There", but later revised in the 1994 musical as a five-minute piece. Also in 2002, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[8][9] After the success of the 3D re-release of The Lion King, the film was reissued in 3D in 2012.[10] In 2014, Time magazine ranked Beauty and the Beast as the greatest film of the Disney Renaissance[11] and one of the greatest animated films of all time.

Other derived works and material inspired by the film include a 2017 live-action remake directed by Bill Condon, released on March 17, 2017, to generally positive reviews; as well as a 2022 musical presentation of the film on ABC as part of The Wonderful World of Disney.

Plot

[edit]

An enchantress disguised as an old beggar woman arrives at a castle and offers a selfish prince an enchanted rose if he shelters her from a storm. When he scornfully declines, she reveals her true form and transforms him into a beast and his servants into household objects. For the curse to be broken, the prince must learn to love someone and earn that person's love before the last petal of the rose falls; otherwise, he will remain a beast forever.

Several years later, in a nearby village, Belle, the bookworm daughter of eccentric inventor Maurice, dreams of adventure while constantly rejecting advances from Gaston, an arrogant hunter. One day, Maurice travels to a local fair to present his latest invention, a wood-chopping machine, but becomes lost in the forest. Upon seeking refuge in the Beast's castle, he is eventually detained for trespassing. After Belle finds Maurice locked in the castle dungeon, she offers to take his place as a prisoner; the Beast agrees.

Belle meets the castle's servants, including candelabra Lumière, mantel clock Cogsworth, teapot Mrs. Potts, and her son Chip, a teacup. When she finds the enchanted rose, the Beast angrily forces her to flee outside. Wolves ambush Belle, and the Beast rescues her, injuring himself. As she nurses his wounds, they develop a rapport.

In the village, Maurice fails to convince the townsfolk of the Beast. Hearing Maurice's statements, Gaston bribes Monsieur D'Arque, the warden of the local insane asylum, to have Maurice declared insane and locked up, which Gaston will use to blackmail Belle into marrying him in exchange for Maurice's release. Before they can act, Maurice leaves to attempt a rescue alone.

Belle discovers Maurice's predicament via a magic mirror. The Beast releases Belle to rescue him. Returning to town, Belle reveals the Beast via the mirror, shocking the townsfolk and proving her father's sanity. Realizing she has fallen for the Beast, Gaston jealously has her thrown into the cellar with Maurice and rallies the villagers to kill the Beast. Chip, who stowed away when Belle left, frees the two with Maurice's machine.

As the castle's servants defeat the villagers, Gaston attacks the depressed Beast. The Beast regains his spirit upon seeing Belle return and spares Gaston's life, but Gaston fatally stabs him before losing his footing and falling to his demise.[c] Belle tearfully professes her love to a dying Beast as the last petal falls, which undoes the curse, reviving the Beast and restoring him and his servants to their human forms. The prince and Belle later host a ball for the kingdom.

Voice cast

[edit]
Main article: List of Disney's Beauty and the Beast characters
  • Paige O'Hara as Belle,[13] a bibliophilic young woman who seeks adventure and offers her own freedom to the Beast in return for her father's. To "enhance" the character from the original story, the filmmakers felt that Belle should be "unaware" of her own beauty and made her "a little odd".[14] Wise recalls casting O'Hara because of a "unique tone" she had, "a little bit of Judy Garland", after whose appearance Belle was modeled.[15] James Baxter and Mark Henn served as the supervising animators for Belle.
  • Robby Benson as the Beast,[13] a young prince who is transformed into a talking beast by an enchantress as punishment for his arrogance and selfishness. The animators drew him with the brow ridges of an Ankylosaurus, the nose bridge, size, and hump of a american bison, the head of a bull, the arms, fur, and chest of a bear, the lower jaw of a bulldog, the ears of a cow, the claws of a goanna, the forelock of a gemsbok, the eyebrows of a gorilla, the ear inners and body of a hippo, the back mane of a hyena, the eyes of a human, the mane of a lion, the teeth of a leopard, the face and beard of a mandrill, the upper jaw and paws of a orangutan, the cheek stripes of a penguin, the mouth of a panther, the fangs of a python, the jowl of a pig, the neck of a rhino, the nose of a rat, the muzzle of a sable antelope, the eyes patches of a triceratops, the cheek mane of a tiger, the tusks of a wild boar, the horns of a wildebeest, and the legs and tail of a wolf. Chris Sanders, one of the film's storyboard artists and visual development artists, drafted the designs for the Beast and came up with designs based on birds, insects, and fish before coming up with something close to the final design. Glen Keane, supervising animator for the Beast, refined the design by going to the zoo and studying the animals on which the Beast was based.[12] Benson commented, "There's a rage and torment in this character I've never been asked to use before."[16] The filmmakers commented that "everybody was big fee-fi-fo-fum and gravelly" while Benson had the "big voice and the warm, accessible side" so that "you could hear the prince beneath the fur".[12]
  • Richard White as Gaston,[13] a hunter who vies for Belle's hand in marriage. He serves as a foil personality to the Beast, who was originally as egotistical as Gaston prior to saving Belle from the wolves. Gaston's supervising animator, Andreas Deja, was pressed by Jeffrey Katzenberg to make Gaston handsome in contrast to the traditional appearance of a Disney villain, an assignment he found difficult at first. In the beginning, Gaston is depicted as more of a narcissist than a villain, but later he threatens to put Maurice in a mental institution if Belle does not marry him, and eventually leads all the villagers to kill the Beast, enraged that Belle would love a beast more than him.[17]
  • Jerry Orbach as Lumière,[18] the kind-hearted but rebellious French-accented maître d' of the Beast's castle, who has been transformed into a candelabra. He has a habit of disobeying his master's strict rules, sometimes causing tension between them, but the Beast often turns to him for advice. He is depicted as flirtatious, as he is frequently seen with the Featherduster and immediately takes a liking to Belle. A running gag throughout the film is Lumière burning Cogsworth. Nik Ranieri served as the supervising animator for Lumière.
  • David Ogden Stiers as Cogsworth,[19] the Beast's majordomo, the head butler of the household staff and Lumière's best friend, who has been turned into a mantel clock. He is extremely loyal to the Beast so as to save himself and anyone else any trouble, often leading to friction between himself and Lumière. Will Finn served as the supervising animator for Cogsworth. Stiers also narrates the prologue.
  • Angela Lansbury as Mrs. Potts,[20] the housekeeper, turned into a teapot, who takes a motherly attitude toward Belle. The filmmakers went through several names for Mrs. Potts, such as "Mrs. Chamomile", before Ashman suggested the use of simple and concise names for the household objects.[12] David Pruiksma served as the supervising animator for Mrs. Potts.
  • Bradley Pierce as Chip,[21] Mrs. Potts's son, who has been transformed into a teacup. Originally intended to only have one line, the filmmakers were impressed with Pierce's performance and expanded the character's role significantly, eschewing a mute Music Box character.[12] Pruiksma also served as the supervising animator for Chip.
  • Rex Everhart as Maurice,[13] Belle's inventor father. The villagers see him as insane for crafting devices believed impossible to construct in reality, but his loyal daughter believes he will be famous one day. Ruben A. Aquino served as the supervising animator for Maurice.
  • Jesse Corti as LeFou,[13] Gaston's sidekick. He looks up to Gaston as his hero, and sings a song with the other villagers to cheer him up. His name is French for "The Madman" and also a phonetic play on "The Fool". Chris Wahl served as the supervising animator for LeFou.
  • Jo Anne Worley as the Wardrobe,[22][23][24] the castle's authority over fashion, and a former opera singer, who has been turned into a wardrobe. The character of Wardrobe was introduced by visual development artist Sue C. Nichols to the then entirely male cast of servants, and was originally a more integral character named "Madame Armoire". Wardrobe is known as "Madame de la Grande Bouche" (Madame Big Mouth) in the stage adaptation of the film and is the only major enchanted object character whose human form does not appear in the film. Tony Anselmo served as the supervising animator for the Wardrobe.
  • Hal Smith as Philippe,[25] Belle's horse. Russ Edmonds served as the supervising animator for Philippe.
  • Mary Kay Bergman and Kath Soucie as the Bimbettes,[26] a trio of village maidens who constantly fawn over Gaston, known as the "Silly Girls" or "Les Filles De La Ville" (the village girls)[27] in the stage adaptation.
  • Jack Angel, Phil Proctor, Bill Farmer, and Patrick Pinney as Tom, Dick, Stanley, and Gramps, respectively, Gaston and LeFou's circle of friends.
  • Brian Cummings as the Stove,[28] the castle's chef who has been transformed into a stove. He is named Chef Bouche in 1998's Belle's Magical World.
  • Alvin Epstein as the Bookseller,[29] the owner of a book shop in Belle's village.
  • Tony Jay as Monsieur D'Arque,[30] the sadistic warden of the Asylum de Loons. Gaston bribes him to help in his plan to blackmail Belle.
  • Alec Murphy as the Baker,[31] the owner of a bakery in Belle's village.
  • Kimmy Robertson as the Featherduster,[32] a maid and Lumière's sweetheart, who has been turned into a feather duster. She is never mentioned by name in the 1991 film (listed as Featherduster in the credits); Babette is the name given to this character later in the 1994 stage adaptation of the film; Fifi in the 1998 animated musical film Belle's Magical World and Plumette in the 2017 live-action remake.
  • Frank Welker as Sultan,[33] the castle's pet dog turned into a footstool.

Production

[edit]

Early versions

[edit]

Following the widespread critical and commercial success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1937, Walt Disney sought out other stories to adapt into feature films, with Beauty and the Beast being among the stories he considered.[14][34] Attempts to develop the Beauty and the Beast story into a film were made in the 1930s and 1950s, but were ultimately given up because it "proved to be a challenge" for the story team.[14] Peter M. Nichols states Disney may later have been discouraged by Jean Cocteau having already done his 1946 version.[35]

Decades later, as Who Framed Roger Rabbit was nearing completion in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected Beauty and the Beast as a project for the satellite animation studio it had set up in London, England to work on Roger Rabbit. Richard Williams, who had directed the animated portions of Roger Rabbit, was approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his long-gestating project The Thief and the Cobbler. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, English animation director Richard Purdum, and work began under producer Don Hahn on a non-musical version of Beauty and the Beast set in 19th-century France.[36] At the behest of Disney CEO Michael Eisner, Beauty and the Beast became the first Disney animated film to use a screenwriter. This was an unusual move for an animated film, which is traditionally developed on storyboards rather than in a scripted form. Linda Woolverton wrote the original draft of the story before storyboarding began, and worked with the story team to retool and develop the film.[37]

Script rewrite and musicalization

[edit]
Upon seeing the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg ordered that the film be scrapped and started over from scratch.

Upon seeing the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg was dissatisfied with Purdum's idea and ordered that the film be scrapped and started over from scratch. A few months after starting anew, Purdum resigned as director. The studio had approached John Musker and Ron Clements to direct the film, but they turned down the offer, saying they were "tired" after just having finished directing Disney's recent success The Little Mermaid. Katzenberg then hired first-time feature directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale. Wise and Trousdale had previously directed the animated sections of Cranium Command, a short film for a Disney EPCOT theme park attraction. In addition, wanting another musical film, Katzenberg asked songwriters Howard Ashman and Alan Menken, who had written the song score for The Little Mermaid, to turn Beauty and the Beast into a Broadway-style musical film in the same vein as Mermaid. Ashman, who at the time had learned he was dying of complications from AIDS, had been working with Disney on a pet project of his, Aladdin, and only reluctantly agreed to join the struggling production team. To accommodate Ashman's failing health, pre-production of Beauty and the Beast was moved from London to the Residence Inn in Fishkill, New York, close to Ashman's New York City home.[36] Here, Ashman and Menken joined Wise, Trousdale, Hahn, and Woolverton in retooling the film's script.[14][37] Since the original story had only two major characters, the filmmakers enhanced them, added new characters in the form of enchanted household items who "add warmth and comedy to a gloomy story" and guide the audience through the film, and added a "real villain" in the form of Gaston.[14]

These ideas were somewhat similar to elements of the 1946 French film version of Beauty and the Beast, which introduced the character of Avenant, an oafish suitor somewhat similar to Gaston,[38] as well as inanimate objects coming to life in the Beast's castle.[39] The animated objects were, however, given distinct personalities in the Disney version. By early 1990, Katzenberg had approved the revised script, and storyboarding began again.[14][37] The production flew story artists back and forth between California and New York for storyboard approvals from Ashman, though the team was not told the reason why.[14]

Casting and recording

[edit]

Disney had originally considered casting Jodi Benson from The Little Mermaid as Belle.[40] They eventually decided upon Broadway actress and singer Paige O'Hara in favor of having a heroine who sounded "more like a woman than a girl".[41] According to co-director Kirk Wise, O'Hara was given the role because she "had a unique quality, a tone she would hit that made her special",[42] reminiscent to that of American actress and singer Judy Garland.[43] O'Hara, who, after reading about the film in The New York Times,[44] competed for the role against 500 hopefuls,[45] believes the fact that lyricist Howard Ashman admired her cast recording of the musical Show Boat proved integral in her being cast.[46] O'Hara modeled her interpretation of Belle after the spirited performance of Katharine Hepburn in Little Women (1933).[47]

Laurence Fishburne, Val Kilmer and Mandy Patinkin were originally considered to voice the Beast, the role was eventually given to actor Robby Benson.[48] John Cleese was originally intended to voice Cogsworth, but later turned it down to voice Cat. R. Waul in the Universal Pictures animated film An American Tail: Fievel Goes West, and the role was eventually given to David Ogden Stiers.[48] Julie Andrews was originally considered to voice Mrs. Potts, but the role was eventually given to Angela Lansbury.[citation needed]

Animation

[edit]
A frame from the "Beauty and the Beast" ballroom dance sequence. The background was animated using computer generated imagery which, when the traditionally animated characters are composited against it using Pixar's CAPS system, gives the illusion of a dollying film camera.

Production of Beauty and the Beast was to be completed on a compressed timeline of two years rather than the traditional four-year Disney Feature Animation production schedule; this was due to the loss of production time spent developing the earlier Purdum version of the film.[12] Most of the production was done at the main Feature Animation studio, housed in the Air Way facility in Glendale, California. A smaller team at the Disney-MGM Studios theme park in Lake Buena Vista, Florida assisted the California team on several scenes, particularly the "Be Our Guest" number.[14]

Beauty and the Beast was the second film, after The Rescuers Down Under, produced using CAPS (Computer Animation Production System), a digital scanning, ink, paint, and compositing system of software and hardware developed for Disney by Pixar.[14][36] The software allowed for a wider range of colors, as well as soft shading and colored line effects for the characters, techniques lost when the Disney studio abandoned hand inking for xerography in the early 1960s. CAPS/ink & paint also allowed the production crew to simulate multiplane effects: placing characters and/or backgrounds on separate layers and moving them towards/away from the camera on the Z-axis to give the illusion of depth, as well as altering the focus of each layer.[12]

In addition, CAPS/ink & paint allowed an easier combination of hand-drawn art with computer-generated imagery, which before had to be plotted to animation paper and then xeroxed and painted traditionally.[14][49] This technique was put to significant use during the "Beauty and the Beast" waltz sequence, in which Belle and Beast dance through a computer-generated ballroom as the camera dollies around them in simulated 3D space.[12][14] The filmmakers had originally decided against the use of computers in favor of traditional animation, but later, when the technology had improved, decided it could be used for the one scene in the ballroom.[35] Before that, CGI environments had first been printed out as wireframe, but this was the first time Disney made use of 3D rendering.[50] The success of the ballroom sequence helped convince studio executives to further invest in computer animation.[51] The technology hardware that was used for the CGI was SGI, and the software that was used is Pixar's RenderMan.[citation needed]

The final dance between Belle and the Prince was reused from the final dance sequence between Princess Aurora and Prince Phillip from the 1959 film Sleeping Beauty. According to Trousdale, this was done because production of the film was nearing the deadline, and this was the easiest way to do that sequence.[52]

Music

[edit]
See also: Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack)

Ashman and Menken wrote the Beauty song score during the pre-production process in Fishkill, the opening operetta-styled "Belle" being their first composition for the film. Other songs included "Be Our Guest", sung (in its original version) to Maurice by the objects when he becomes the first visitor to eat at the castle in a decade, "Gaston", a solo for the swaggering villain and his bumbling sidekick, "Human Again", a song describing Belle and Beast's growing love from the objects' perspective, the love ballad "Beauty and the Beast (Tale as Old as Time)" and the climactic "The Mob Song". As story and song development came to a close, full production began in Burbank while voice and song recording began in New York City.[14] The Beauty songs were mostly recorded live with the orchestra and the voice cast performing simultaneously rather than overdubbed separately, in order to give the songs a cast album-like "energy" the filmmakers and songwriters desired.[12]

During the course of production, many changes were made to the structure of the film, necessitating the replacement and re-purposing of songs. After screening a mostly animated version of the "Be Our Guest" sequence, story artist Bruce Woodside suggested that the objects should be singing the song to Belle rather than her father. Wise and Trousdale agreed, and the sequence and song were retooled to replace Maurice with Belle. The film's title song went through a noted bit of uncertainty during production. Originally conceived as a rock-oriented song, it was changed to a slow, romantic ballad. Howard Ashman and Alan Menken asked Angela Lansbury to perform the song, but she did not think her voice was suited for the melody.

When she voiced her doubts, Menken and Ashman asked her for at least one take and told her to perform the song as she saw fit. Lansbury reportedly reduced everyone in the studio to tears with her rendition, nailing the song in the one take asked of her. This version went on to win the Oscar for Best Original Song. "Human Again" was dropped from the film before animation began, as its lyrics caused story problems about the timeline over which the story takes place.[14] This required Ashman and Menken to write a new song in its place. "Something There", in which Belle and Beast sing (via voiceover) of their growing fondness for each other, was composed late in production and inserted into the script in place of "Human Again".[12]

Menken would later revise "Human Again" for inclusion in the 1994 Broadway stage version of Beauty and the Beast, and another revised version of the song was added to the film itself in a new sequence created for the film's Special Edition re-release in 2002.[12][14] Ashman died of AIDS-related complications at the age of 40 on March 14, 1991, eight months before the film's release. He never saw the finished film, though he did get to see it in its unfinished format. Ashman's work on Aladdin was completed by another lyricist, Tim Rice. Before Ashman's death, members of the film's production team visited him after the film's well-received first screening, with Don Hahn commenting that "the film would be a great success. Who'd have thought it?" Ashman replied, "I would".

A tribute to the lyricist was included at the end of the credits crawl: "To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice and a beast his soul, we will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman 1950–1991".[36] A pop version of the "Beauty and the Beast" theme, performed by Céline Dion and Peabo Bryson over the end credits, was released as a commercial single from the film's soundtrack, supported with a music video. The Dion/Bryson version of "Beauty and the Beast" became an international pop hit and performed considerably well on charts around the world. The song became Dion's second single to land within the top-10 of the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number nine. The song peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary chart. In Canada, "Beauty and the Beast" peaked at number two.[53][54] Outside of North America, the song peaked within the top ten in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twenty in Australia, Netherlands, and Ireland. The song sold over a million copies worldwide.[55] This version of the song was also nominated for Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best Pop Duo/Group Vocal Performance at the 35th Annual Grammy Awards, winning the latter.[56][57][58]

Release

[edit]

Work-in-progress and original theatrical run

[edit]

In a first-time accomplishment for The Walt Disney Company, an unfinished version of Beauty and the Beast was shown at the New York Film Festival on September 29, 1991.[59] The film was deemed a "work in progress" because roughly only 70% of the animation had been completed; storyboards and pencil tests were used in replacement of the remaining 30%.[60] Additionally, certain segments of the film that had already been finished were reverted to previous stages of completion. At the end of the screening, Beauty and the Beast received a ten-minute-long standing ovation from the film festival audience.[36][61] The completed film was also screened out of competition at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival.[62] The finished film premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on November 13, 1991, beginning a limited release before expanding wide on November 22,[61] along with An American Tail: Fievel Goes West.

Reissues

[edit]

The film was restored and remastered for its New Year's Day, 2002 re-release in IMAX theatres in a special-edition edit, including a new musical sequence. For this version of the film, much of the animation was cleaned up, a new sequence set to the deleted song "Human Again" was inserted into the film's second act, and a new digital master from the original CAPS production files was used to make the high-resolution IMAX film negative.[63]

A sing-along edition, hosted by Jordin Sparks, was released in select theaters on September 29 and October 2, 2010. Prior to the showing, Sparks showed an exclusive behind-the-scenes look at the newly restored film and the making of her new Beauty and the Beast music video. There was also commentary from producer Hahn, interviews with the cast and an inside look at how the animation was created.[64][65]

A Disney Digital 3D version, the second of a traditionally animated film, was originally scheduled to be released in US theatres on February 12, 2010, but the project was postponed, first to 2011 and then to 2012.[66] On August 25, 2011, Disney announced that the 3D version would make its American debut at Hollywood's El Capitan Theatre from September 2–15, 2011.[67] Disney spent less than $10 million on the 3D conversion.[68] After the successful 3D re-release of The Lion King, Disney announced a wide 3D re-release of Beauty and the Beast in North America beginning January 13, 2012.[69]

To celebrate Disney's 100th anniversary, Beauty and the Beast was re-released in selected Cinemark theaters from August 18 to 31, 2023, across the United Kingdom from September 22 to 28, and in Helios theaters across Poland on October 7.[70][71][72]

Home media

[edit]

On October 30, 1992, in the United States and Canada, Walt Disney Home Video (currently known as Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment) released the film to VHS, Beta and LaserDisc as part of the Walt Disney Classics series, and later put it on moratorium on April 30, 1993, it was not included in the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection line.[73] The "work-in-progress" version screened at the New York Film Festival was also released on VHS and LaserDisc at this time;[12] however, said version was the only one available on the latter format until the fall of 1993, when the completed theatrical version was released. This measure was to diminish the threat of video pirates making copies derived from the LaserDisc (which are not copy-protected) and selling them in international markets, where the film was yet to be available for home release.[74][75] By October 1993, the VHS sold a record 20-22 million units.[76] In 1993, the film was also released on home video in different countries, including the United Kingdom on September 20 of that year, and sold a record 8.5 million units.[77]

Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition, as the enhanced version of the film released in IMAX/large-format is called, was released on a THX certified "Platinum Edition" two-disc DVD and VHS on October 8, 2002.[78] The DVD set features three versions of the film: the extended IMAX Special Edition with the "Human Again" sequence added, the original theatrical version, and the New York Film Festival "work-in-progress" version. This release went to "Disney Vault" moratorium status in January 2003, along with its direct-to-video follow-ups Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas and Belle's Magical World.[79] The Special Edition DVD was released on November 2, 2002, in the United Kingdom, while the other 50 international territories released on Autumn 2002 as "Special Limited Edition".

The film was released from the vault on October 5, 2010, as the second of Disney's Diamond Editions, in the form of a three-disc Blu-ray Disc and DVD combination pack[80]—the first release of Beauty and the Beast on home video in high-definition format.[81] This edition consists of four versions of the film: the original theatrical version, an extended version, the New York Film Festival storyboard-only version, and a fourth iteration displaying the storyboards via picture-in-picture alongside the original theatrical version.[82] Upon its first week of release, the Blu-ray sold 1.1 million units, topping the Blu-ray sales chart and finishing in third place on the combined Blu-ray and DVD sales chart for the week ending on October 10, 2010.[83][84] It was the second-best-selling Blu-ray of 2010, behind Avatar.[85] A two-disc DVD edition was released on November 23, 2010.[80] A five-disc combo pack, featuring Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray 2D, DVD and a digital copy, was released on October 4, 2011. The 3D combo pack is identical to the original Diamond Edition, except for the added 3D disc and digital copy. The Blu-ray release went into the Disney Vault along with the two sequels on April 30, 2012.[86]

A 25th-anniversary Signature Edition was released on Digital HD September 6, 2016, and was followed by Blu-ray/DVD combo pack on September 20, 2016.[87] Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart, and debuted at number 3 in the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, behind Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows and Captain America: Civil War.[88] The film was released on 4K digital download and Ultra HD Blu-ray on March 10, 2020.[89]

Reception

[edit]

Box office

[edit]

For its original theatrical run, Beauty and the Beast earned $9.6 million in its opening weekend, ranking in third place behind The Addams Family and Cape Fear.[90] During its initial release in 1991, the film grossed $145.9 million in revenues in North America and $331.9 million worldwide.[4] It ranked as the third-most successful film of 1991 and Later the Year 1992 in North America and Europe, Including The Home Country of France, Italy, Spain and Other's, Etc. surpassed only by the summer blockbusters Terminator 2: Judgment Day and Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves Ahead of the 1992 Summer Olympics In Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.[91] At the time, Beauty and the Beast was the most successful animated Disney film release, and the first animated film to reach $100 million in the United States and Canada in its initial run.[92][93] In its IMAX re-release, it earned $25.5 million in North America and $5.5 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $31 million.[94]

It also earned $9.8 million from its 3D re-release overseas.[4] During the opening weekend of its North American 3D re-release in 2012, Beauty and the Beast grossed $17.8 million, coming in at the No. 2 spot, behind Contraband, and achieved the highest opening weekend for an animated film in January.[95][96] The film was expected to make $17.5 million over the weekend; however, the results topped its forecast and the expectations of box office analysts.[97][98] The re-release ended its run on May 3, 2012, and earned $47.6 million, which brought the film's total gross in North America to $219 million.[99] It made an estimated $206 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $425 million.[4] It was the highest-grossing film in Italy, surpassing the 39 billion lira grossed by Johnny Stecchino.[100]

Critical response

[edit]

Upon its release, Beauty and the Beast was praised for its script, animation (particularly the ballroom scene), characters, and musical numbers.[101][102][103][104] Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 93% based on reviews from 121 critics, with an average rating of 8.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Enchanting, sweepingly romantic, and featuring plenty of wonderful musical numbers, Beauty and the Beast is one of Disney's most elegant animated offerings."[105] The film also holds a score of 95/100 on Metacritic.[106] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare "A+" grade.[107]

Janet Maslin of The New York Times praised the film with the following statement, "Two years ago, Walt Disney Pictures reinvented the animated feature, not only with an eye toward pleasing children, but also with an older, savvier audience in mind. Disney truly bridged a generation gap with The Little Mermaid ... Now, lightning has definitely struck twice with Beauty and the Beast."[108] Awarding the film a perfect score of four stars, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times compared Beauty and the Beast positively to Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Pinocchio, writing, "Beauty and the Beast reaches back to an older and healthier Hollywood tradition in which the best writers, musicians and filmmakers are gathered for a project on the assumption that a family audience deserves great entertainment, too."[109] In 2001, Ebert again gave the IMAX re-release a full 4 out of 4 stars.[110]

James Berardinelli of ReelViews rated the film similarly while hailing it as "the finest animated movie ever made", writing, "Beauty and the Beast attains a nearly-perfect mix of romance, music, invention, and animation."[111] The use of computer animation, particularly in the ballroom sequence, was singled out in several reviews as one of the film's highlights.[12] Hal Hinson of The Washington Post gave the film a positive review, calling the film "A delightfully satisfying modern fable, a near-masterpiece that draws on the sublime traditions of the past while remaining completely in sync with the sensibility of its time."[112] Janet Maslin of The New York Times gave the film a positive review, saying "It is a surprise, in a time of sequels and retreads, that the new film is so fresh and altogether triumphant in its own right."[113] Dave Kehr of the Chicago Tribune gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Beauty and the Beast is certainly adequate holiday entertainment for children and their more indulgent parents ... But the film has little of the technical facility, vivid characterization and emotional impact of Disney past."[114]

Jay Boyar of the Orlando Sentinel gave the film four out of five stars, saying "It's not an especially scary movie, but right from the start, you can tell that this Beauty and the Beast has a beauty of a bite."[115] John Hartl of The Seattle Times gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "It's exceptionally difficult to make an audience care for animated characters unless they're mermaids or anthropomorphized animals or insects, yet the Disney animators, with a big assist from the vocal talents of a superb cast, have pulled it off."[116] Gene Siskel, also of the Chicago Tribune, gave the film four out of four stars, saying "Beauty and the Beast is one of the year's most entertaining films for both adults and children."[117] On their Beauty and the Beast edition of Siskel & Ebert, both Siskel and Roger Ebert proclaimed that the film is "a legitimate contender for Oscar consideration as Best Picture of the Year". Michael Sragow of The New Yorker gave the film a positive review, saying "It's got storytelling vigor and clarity, bright, eclectic animation, and a frisky musical wit."[118] Eric Smoodin writes in his book Animating Culture that the studio was trying to make up for earlier gender stereotypes with this film.[119] Smoodin also states that, in the way it has been viewed as bringing together traditional fairy tales and feminism as well as computer and traditional animation, the film's "greatness could be proved in terms of technology narrative or even politics".[120] Animation legend Chuck Jones praised the film, in a 1992 guest appearance on Later with Bob Costas he claimed he "Loved it. I think it should have won [Best Picture] ... I think the animation on the beast is one of the greatest pieces of animation I've seen".[121]

Animation historian Michael Barrier wrote that Belle "becomes a sort of intellectual less by actually reading books, it seems, than by hanging out with them", but says that the film comes closer than other "Disney-studio" films to "accepting challenges of the kind that the finest Walt Disney features met".[122] David Whitley writes in The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation that Belle is different from earlier Disney heroines in that she is mostly free from the burdens of domestic housework, although her role is somewhat undefined in the same way that "contemporary culture now requires most adolescent girls to contribute little in the way of domestic work before they leave home and have to take on the fraught, multiple responsibilities of the working mother". Whitley also notes other themes and modern influences, such as the film's critical view of Gaston's chauvinism and attitude towards nature, the cyborg-like servants, and the father's role as an inventor rather than a merchant.[123]

Beauty and the Beast has been named one of Disney's most critically acclaimed films.[124] Leah Pickett of Consequence described it as arguably "the most critically lauded animated film of the 20th century".[125] In 2010, IGN named Beauty and the Beast as the greatest animated film of all time, directly ahead of WALL-E, The Incredibles, Toy Story 2, and The Iron Giant.[126]

Most critics regard the 1991 animated film as superior to the 2017 live-action remake. Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune stated that the 1991 film "worked wonderfully because it was pure Broadway, written for the screen, blending comedy and romance and magic and just enough snark in the margins", while the 2017 remake got lost in translation since "The movie takes our knowledge and our interest in the material for granted. It zips from one number to another, throwing a ton of frenetically edited eye candy at the screen, charmlessly." Phillips also wrote of the 2017 film that "too often we're watching highly qualified performers, plus a few less conspicuously talented ones ..., stuck doing karaoke, or motion-capture work of middling quality".[127] Dana Schwartz of the Observer criticized some of the 2017 film changes to characters such as the Beast and Gaston as regressive by watering down their distinguishing personalities from the 1991 film, further arguing that the added backstory to the characters in the 2017 version failed to "advance the plot or theme in any meaningful way".[128] David Sims of The Atlantic wrote that the 2017 film "feels particularly egregious, in part, because it's so slavishly devoted to the original; every time it falls short of its predecessor (which is quite often), it's hard not to notice".[129]

Accolades

[edit]

Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's song "Beauty and the Beast" won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, while Menken's score won the award for Best Original Score.[130] Two other Menken and Ashman songs from the film, "Belle" and "Be Our Guest", were also nominated for Best Original Song.[130] Beauty and the Beast was the first picture to receive three Academy Award nominations for Best Original Song, a feat that would be repeated by The Lion King (1994), Dreamgirls (2006), and Enchanted (2007).[130] Academy rules have since been changed to limit each film to two nominations in this category, due to the consecutive unintentional failures of Dreamgirls and Enchanted to win the award.[130]

The film was also nominated for Best Picture and Best Sound.[130] It was the first animated film ever to be nominated for Best Picture, and remained the only animated film nominated until the 2009 nominee Up, after the Best Picture field had been widened to ten nominees. Thus, it remains the only animated film nominated for the award when only five nominees were allowed.[130] It was the third Disney film ever to be nominated for Best Picture, following Mary Poppins (1964) and Dead Poets Society (1989).[131] It became the first musical in twelve years to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture of the Year, following All That Jazz (1979), and the last one to be nominated until Moulin Rouge! (2001), ten years later.[130] It lost the Best Picture award to The Silence of the Lambs and the Best Sound award to Terminator 2: Judgment Day.[130] With six nominations, the film currently shares the record for the most nominations for an animated film with WALL-E (2008), although, with three nominations in the Best Original Song category, Beauty and the Beast's nominations span only four categories, while WALL-E's nominations cover six individual categories.[130]

While The Little Mermaid was the first to be nominated, Beauty and the Beast became the first animated film to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.[130] This feat was later repeated by The Lion King and Toy Story 2.[130]

List of awards and nominations
Award Category Nominee(s) Result Ref.
Academy Awards Best Picture Don Hahn Nominated [130]
Best Original Score Alan Menken Won
Best Original Song "Be Our Guest"
Music by Alan Menken;
Lyrics by Howard Ashman 		Nominated
"Beauty and the Beast"
Music by Alan Menken;
Lyrics by Howard Ashman 		Won
"Belle"
Music by Alan Menken;
Lyrics by Howard Ashman 		Nominated
Best Sound Terry Porter, Mel Metcalfe, David J. Hudson, and Doc Kane Nominated
Annie Awards Best Animated Feature Won [132]
Outstanding Individual Achievement in the Field of Animation Glen Keane Won
British Academy Film Awards Best Original Film Score Alan Menken and Howard Ashman Nominated [133]
Best Special Visual Effects Randy Fullmer Nominated
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards Best Picture Nominated [134]
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards Best Film 3rd Place
Best Animated Film Won
Golden Globe Awards Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Won [135]
[136]
Best Original Score – Motion Picture Alan Menken Won
Best Original Song – Motion Picture "Be Our Guest"
Music by Alan Menken;
Lyrics by Howard Ashman 		Nominated
"Beauty and the Beast"
Music by Alan Menken;
Lyrics by Howard Ashman 		Won
Grammy Awards Album of the Year Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack –
Walter Afanasieff, Howard Ashman, Alan Menken, and
Various Artists 		Nominated [137]
[138]
Record of the Year "Beauty and the Beast" – Celine Dion, Peabo Bryson, and
Walter Afanasieff 		Nominated
Song of the Year "Beauty and the Beast" – Alan Menken and Howard Ashman Nominated
Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals "Beauty and the Beast" – Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson Won
Best Pop Instrumental Performance "Beauty and the Beast" – Richard Kaufman Won
Best Album for Children Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack –
Various Artists 		Won
Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack –
Alan Menken 		Won
Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television "Beauty and the Beast" – Alan Menken and Howard Ashman Won
Hugo Awards Best Dramatic Presentation Gary Trousdale, Kirk Wise, Linda Woolverton,
Roger Allers, Kelly Asbury, Brenda Chapman,
Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, Tom Ellery,
Kevin Harkey, Robert Lence, Burny Mattinson,
Brian Pimental, Joe Ranft, Chris Sanders, and Bruce Woodside 		Nominated [139]
Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards Best Animated Film Won [140]
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards Best Animated Film Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise Won [141]
National Board of Review Awards Special Award for Animation Won [142]
Online Film & Television Association Awards Film Hall of Fame: Productions Inducted [143]
Film Hall of Fame: Songs "Beauty and the Beast" Inducted [144]
Satellite Awards Outstanding Youth DVD Nominated [145]
Saturn Awards (1992) Best Fantasy Film Nominated [146]
Best Music Alan Menken Nominated
Saturn Awards (2002) Best Classic Film DVD Release Nominated
Young Artist Awards Outstanding Family Entertainment of the Year Won[d] [147]

In 2002, Beauty and the Beast was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten Top Ten" lists of the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres, based on polls of over 1,500 people from the creative community. Beauty and the Beast was acknowledged as the seventh-best film in the animation genre.[148][149] In previous lists, it ranked number 22 on the institute's list of best musicals and number 34 on its list of the best romantic American films.[150] On the list of the greatest songs from American films, Beauty and the Beast ranked number 62.[151]

American Film Institute recognition:

Adaptations

[edit]

Broadway musical

[edit]
Main article: Beauty and the Beast (musical)

According to an article in the Houston Chronicle, "The catalyst for Disney's braving the stage was an article by The New York Times theater critic Frank Rich that praised Beauty and the Beast as 1991's best musical. Theatre Under The Stars (TUTS) executive director Frank Young had been trying to get Disney interested in a stage version of Beauty about the same time Eisner and Katzenberg were mulling over Rich's column. But Young couldn't seem to get in touch with the right person in the Disney empire. Nothing happened till the Disney execs started to pursue the project from their end. When they asked George Ives, the head of Actors Equity on the West Coast, which Los Angeles theater would be the best venue for launching a new musical, Ives said the best theater for that purpose would be TUTS. Not long after that, Disney's Don Frantz and Bettina Buckley contacted Young, and the partnership was under way."[154] A stage condensation of the film, directed by Robert Jess Roth and choreographed by Matt West, both of whom moved on to the Broadway development, had already been presented at Disneyland at what was then called the Videopolis stage.[154] Beauty and the Beast premiered in a joint production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatricals at the Music Hall, Houston, Texas, from November 28, 1993, through December 26, 1993.[154]

On April 18, 1994, Beauty and the Beast premiered on Broadway at the Palace Theatre in New York City to mixed reviews.[155][156] The show transferred to the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 11, 1999.[157] The commercial success of the show led to productions in the West End, Toronto, and all over the world.[157] The Broadway version, which ran for over a decade, received a Tony Award, and became the first of a whole line of Disney stage productions.[158] The original Broadway cast included Terrence Mann as the Beast, Susan Egan as Belle, Burke Moses as Gaston, Gary Beach as Lumière, Heath Lamberts as Cogsworth, Tom Bosley as Maurice, Beth Fowler as Mrs. Potts, and Stacey Logan as Babette the feather duster.[157] Many well-known actors and singers also starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, including Kerry Butler, Deborah Gibson, Toni Braxton, Andrea McArdle, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Christy Carlson Romano, Ashley Brown, and Anneliese van der Pol as Belle; Chuck Wagner, James Barbour, and Jeff McCarthy as the Beast; Meshach Taylor, Patrick Page, Bryan Batt, Jacob Young, and John Tartaglia as Lumière; Marc Kudisch, Christopher Sieber, and Donny Osmond as Gaston; and Nick Jonas, Harrison Chad, and Andrew Keenan-Bolger as Chip.[citation needed] The show ended its Broadway run on July 29, 2007, after 46 previews and 5,461 performances.[159] As of 2024, it is Broadway's tenth-longest-running show in history.[160]

Live-action film

[edit]
Main article: Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)

In June 2014, Walt Disney Pictures announced that a live-action film adaptation of the original animated film was in the works, with Bill Condon directing and Evan Spiliotopoulos penning the screenplay.[161][162] Condon originally planned on not only drawing inspiration from the animated film, but also to include most, if not all, of the Menken/Rice songs from the Broadway musical, with the intention of making the film as a "straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical".[163] In September 2014, it was announced that Stephen Chbosky would re-write the script.[164] In January 2015, Emma Watson announced via her Facebook page that she would portray Belle in the live-action film.[165]

In March 2015, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Emma Thompson, Josh Gad, Audra McDonald, and Kevin Kline joined the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, Lefou, Garderobe, and Maurice, respectively.[e] The following month, Ian McKellen, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, and Gugu Mbatha-Raw joined the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, and Plumette, respectively.[f] Composer Alan Menken returned to score the film's music, with new material written by Menken and Tim Rice.[174] In June 2015, Menken said the film would not include the songs that were written for the Broadway musical.[175] Filming began on May 18, 2015, in London, and at Shepperton Studios in Surrey.[176][177] Production officially wrapped in August 2015.[178] The film was released on March 17, 2017.[179]

Beauty and the Beast at the Hollywood Bowl

[edit]

In 2018, a live concert celebration took place at the Hollywood Bowl, directed by Richard Kraft and Kenneth Shapiro. The cast included Zooey Deschanel as Belle, Anthony Evans as the Beast, Taye Diggs as Gaston, Kelsey Grammer as Lumière, Rebel Wilson as LeFou, Jane Krakowski as Mrs. Potts, and Baraka May as Chip. They were accompanied by a live orchestra, singing songs from the original film.[180]

Beauty and the Beast: A 30th Celebration

[edit]
Main article: Beauty and the Beast: A 30th Celebration

On July 5, 2022, ABC reported that a live-action/animation special was in development that would air on December 15, 2022, with Hamish Hamilton set to direct and Jon M. Chu as executive producer. ABC said that it would include live never-before-seen musical performances, along with new sets and costumes inspired by the classic story.[181] On July 20, 2022, it was reported that H.E.R. was cast to play Belle.[182] In September 2022, Josh Groban, Joshua Henry, and Rita Moreno, had been cast as the Beast, Gaston, and the narrator, respectively.[183] David Alan Grier was later announced to play Cogsworth. During the month, Martin Short and Shania Twain entered final talks to play Lumière and Mrs. Potts, respectively.[184] Rizwan Manji, Jon Jon Briones, and Leo Abelo Perry complete the cast as LeFou, Maurice, and Chip, respectively.[185] On December 12, 2022, D23 revealed that Paige O'Hara (the original voice of Belle), Richard White (the original voice of Gaston), and composer Alan Menken would cameo in the special as, respectively, the Bookseller, the Baker, and a piano player during "Belle".[186]

Merchandise

[edit]

Beauty and the Beast merchandise cover a wide variety of products, among them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic book based on the film published by Disney Comics, toys, children's costumes, and other items. In addition, the character of Belle has been integrated into the "Disney Princess" line of Disney's Consumer Products division, and appears on merchandise related to that franchise.[187] In 1995, a live-action children's series entitled Sing Me a Story with Belle began running in syndication, remaining on the air through 1999.[188] Two direct-to-video followups (which take place during the timeline depicted in the original film) were produced by Walt Disney Television Animation: Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas in 1997 and Belle's Magical World in 1998; in contrast to the universal acclaim of the original, reception to the sequels was extremely negative.[189][190] Disney on Ice produced an ice version of the movie that opened in 1992 in Lakeland, Florida. The show was such a huge commercial and critical success, touring around the world to sell-out crowds, that a television special was made when it toured Spain in 1994.[191] The show ended its run in 2006, after 14 years.[191]

Video games

[edit]

The first video game based on the film was titled Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Quest and is an action platformer for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis. Developed by Software Creations, the game was released in North America in 1993.[192] It is one of two video games based on the film that Sunsoft published for the Mega Drive/Genesis, the other being Beauty and The Beast: Roar of the Beast. Characters from the film like Gaston can help the player past tricky situations. As Belle, the player must reach the Beast's castle and break the spell to live happily ever after. To succeed, she must explore the village, forest, castle, and snowy forest to solve puzzles and mini-games while ducking or jumping over enemies. Belle's health is represented by a stack of blue books, which diminishes when she touches bats, rats, and other hazards in the game. Extra lives, keys and other items are hidden throughout the levels. While there is no continue or game saving ability, players can use a code to start the game at any of the seven levels.[193]

The second video game based on the film was titled Beauty and the Beast: Roar of the Beast and is a side-scrolling video game for the Genesis. As the Beast, the player must successfully complete several levels, based on scenes from the film, in order to protect the castle from invading villagers and forest animals and rescue Belle from Gaston.[194]

The third and fourth video games based on the film are action platformers developed by Probe Software[195] and published by Hudson Soft. One, titled Beauty and the Beast, was released in Europe in 1994 for the NES,[196] while the other, Disney's Beauty and the Beast, was released in North America in July 1994 and in Europe on February 23, 1995, for the SNES. The entire games are played through the perspective of the Beast. As the Beast, the player must get Belle to fall in love so that the curse cast upon him and his castle will be broken. The final boss of the game is Gaston.[195] The Beast can walk, jump, swipe, stomp, super stomp, and roar, the last of which is used to both damage enemies and reveal hidden objects.[197]

The fifth video game based on the film was titled Disney's Beauty and the Beast: A Board Game Adventure and is a Disney Boardgame adventure for the Game Boy Color. It was released on October 25, 1999.[198]

The video game series Kingdom Hearts features a world based on the film, named "Beast's Castle", along with several of the film's characters. In the first game, the world has been destroyed and Belle kidnapped by the Heartless, led by Maleficent, but the Beast travels to Maleficent's stronghold and works with Sora to defeat Maleficent and rescue Belle and the other captured princesses.[199] In Kingdom Hearts II, the world has since been restored following Ansem's defeat, but Beast and Belle are having difficulties due to the enigmatic Xaldin of Organization XIII attempting to bring out the Beast's darker side in order to turn him into a Heartless and a Nobody, but the Beast eventually comes to his senses and works with Sora once again to defeat Xaldin once and for all. In the game's ending credits, the Beast turns back into the Prince. In Kingdom Hearts: 358/2 Days, the world is featured as a playable level but the story is not essential to the main plot. In Kingdom Hearts χ, the world is featured again, this time as a hallucination that follows the plot of the movie more closely. The characters featured in the series are Beast, Belle, Lumière, Gaston, Cogsworth, Mrs. Potts, Chip, Maurice, and the Wardrobe. After Gaston is defeated, the Beast transforms back into the Prince. Gaston does not appear in Kingdom Hearts II, the world's primary antagonist being Xaldin, an original character created for the series, but who shares several traits with Forte, the main antagonist of Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas.[200]

Sequels

[edit]

The success of the film spawned three direct-to-video sequels: Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997) and Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World (1998); and the prequel Belle's Tales of Friendship (1999), all of which take place in the timeline of the original. This was followed by a live-action spin-off television series, Sing Me a Story with Belle.

Theme park attraction

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Distributed by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution through the Walt Disney Pictures banner.
  2. ^ De Beaumont was only credited in the French dub.[5]
  3. ^ Speaking together, with some crosstalk, Gary Trousdale, Kirk Wise, Don Hahn, and Alan Menken confirmed on the audio commentary that Gaston died after he fell off the rooftops. Additionally, a frame where Gaston falls reveals skulls in his irises.[12]
  4. ^ Tied with Aladdin.
  5. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[166][167][168][169]
  6. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[170][171][172][173]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Stewart, Jocelyn (February 10, 2008). "Artist created many famous film posters". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 14, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2008.
  2. ^ "Beauty and the Beast (1991)". The Numbers. Archived from the original on April 4, 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
  3. ^ "Beauty and the Beast (U)". British Board of Film Classification. February 5, 1992. Archived from the original on October 2, 2016. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Beauty and the Beast (1991)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  5. ^ Leprince de Beaumont, Jeanne-Marie (1783). "Beauty and the Beast". The Young Misses Magazine, Containing Dialogues between a Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality Her Scholars. Vol. 1 (4 ed.). London: C. Nourse. pp. 45–67. Archived from the original on January 12, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2008.
  6. ^ "Toacorn.com: Dining and Entertainment section: "Beauty and the Beast stellar" Play review". Archived from the original on July 8, 2008. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
  7. ^ a b "Beauty and the Beast". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  8. ^ "Complete National Film Registry Listing". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on October 31, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  9. ^ "Librarian of Congress Adds 25 Films to National Film Registry". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  10. ^ Smith, Grady (October 4, 2011). "'Beauty and the Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', 'Finding Nemo', 'Monsters, Inc.' get 3-D re-releases". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on March 26, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
  11. ^ "Ranking: The Disney Renaissance From Worst to Best". Time. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Trousdale, Gary; Wise, Kirk; Hahn, Don; and Menken, Alan (2002). DVD audio commentary for Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition. Walt Disney Home Entertainment
  13. ^ a b c d e "10 Top 10". AFI. November 13, 1991. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Tale as Old as Time: The Making of Beauty and the Beast (VCD). Walt Disney Home Entertainment. 2002.
  15. ^ Thomas, Bob (1991). Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast. New York.: Hyperion. pp. 160–2. ISBN 1-56282-899-1.
  16. ^ Cagle, Jess (December 13, 1991). "Oh, You Beast: Robby Benson roars to his roots – The former teen idol is the voice of Beast in Beauty and the Beast". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on February 9, 2009. Retrieved February 2, 2009.
  17. ^ Thomas, Bob (1991). Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast. New York: Hyperion. p. 178. ISBN 1-56282-899-1.
  18. ^ "The 50 Best Animated Movie Characters | 39. Lumiere | Empire". www.empireonline.com. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  19. ^ Dougherty, Robert (March 11, 2009). "David Ogden Stiers Comes Out After Decades in the Closet - Yahoo Voices". voices.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on January 18, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  20. ^ Alexander, Bryan (May 30, 2012). "Angela Lansbury Proud To Be Mrs. Potts from 'Beauty and the Beast' Forever". NBC Bay Area. Archived from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  21. ^ "Bradley Pierce". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on November 29, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  22. ^ Neuwirth, Allan (2003). Makin' toons : inside the most popular animated TV shows and movies. New York: Allworth Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-62153-197-5. OCLC 828934330.
  23. ^ "The Dollys: Jo Anne Worley". Still Going Strong!. March 30, 2019. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  24. ^ "Jo Anne Worley". Rotten Tomatoes. January 1, 1970. Archived from the original on April 10, 2015. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  25. ^ "Hal Smith". Rotten Tomatoes. January 1, 1970. Archived from the original on December 11, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  26. ^ "Kath Soucie". Rotten Tomatoes. January 1, 1970. Archived from the original on November 26, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  27. ^ "Script- Audition Central: OLD Disney's Beauty and the Beast JR". Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  28. ^ "Brian Cummings". Rotten Tomatoes. January 1, 1970. Archived from the original on December 24, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  29. ^ "Alvin Epstein". Rotten Tomatoes. January 1, 1970. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  30. ^ "Tony Jay". Rotten Tomatoes. January 1, 1970. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  31. ^ "Alec Murphy". Rotten Tomatoes. January 1, 1970. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  32. ^ "Mary Kay Bergman". Rotten Tomatoes. January 1, 1970. Archived from the original on June 4, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  33. ^ "Frank Welker Filmography". Awn.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  34. ^ Sito, Tom (2006). Drawing the Line: The Untold Story of the Animation Unions From Bosko to Bart Simpson. The University Press of Kentucky. p. 301. ISBN 0-8131-2407-7.
  35. ^ a b Nichols, Peter M. (2003). The New York Times Essential Library: Children's Movies. New York: Henry Holt and Company. pp. 27–30. ISBN 0-8050-7198-9.
  36. ^ a b c d e Hahn, Don (2009). Waking Sleeping Beauty (Documentary film). Burbank, California: Stone Circle Pictures/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
  37. ^ a b c Thomas, Bob (1991). Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast. New York: Hyperion. pp. 142–7. ISBN 1-56282-899-1.
  38. ^ Griswold, Jerome (2004). The Meanings of 'Beauty and the Beast': A Handbook. Broadview Press. p. 249. ISBN 1-55111-563-8. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
  39. ^ Humphreville, Kim. "La Belle et la Bete". WCSU. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
  40. ^ Hischak, Thomas S (2011). Voice Guide to Disney Animated Films and Characters. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 158. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  41. ^ Huver, Scott (May 30, 2012). "'Beauty and the Beast 3D' Gives Original Star Paige O'Hara a Whole New Perspective". NBC Chicago. NBCUniversal Media, LLC. Archived from the original on March 2, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  42. ^ Rusoff, Jane Wollman (November 22, 1992). "Beauty & The Bridge First She Charmed Us With Her Voice in Beauty and the Beast. Now Fort Lauderdale's Paige O'hara Takes on a Very Different Role in a Film About Chappaquiddick". Sun-Sentinel. The Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 2, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  43. ^ Nicholson, Amy (January 13, 2012). "Meet Paige O'Hara: The Voice—And More—Of Disney's Smartest Heroine". Boxoffice. Boxoffice Media. Archived from the original on December 21, 2014. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  44. ^ "Interview With Paige O'Hara, The Voice Of Belle In 'Beauty and the Beast'". Disney Dreaming. DisneyDreaming.com. October 5, 2010. Archived from the original on March 12, 2012. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  45. ^ Sands, Jez (October 25, 2010). "Beauty and the Beast: Paige O'Hara Interview". On the Box. OntheBox.com. Archived from the original on March 2, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  46. ^ Cerasaro, Pat (January 25, 2012). "SPOTLIGHT ON BEAUTY & THE BEAST 3D: Paige O'Hara". Broadway World. Wisdom Digital Media. Archived from the original on March 2, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  47. ^ Hischak, Thomas S. (2011). Disney Voice Actors: A Biographical Dictionary. McFarland. p. 158. ISBN 9780786486946.
  48. ^ a b Verhoeven, Beatrice (March 3, 2017). "20 Facts You Didn't Know About 1991's 'Beauty and the Beast'". The Wrap. Archived from the original on October 11, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
  49. ^ (2006) Audio Commentary by John Musker, Ron Clements, and Alan Menken. Bonus material from The Little Mermaid: Platinum Edition [DVD]. Walt Disney Home Entertainment.
  50. ^ "25 Years Ago: The CG Secrets of the Ballroom Sequence in 'Beauty and the Beast'". November 22, 2016. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
  51. ^ Kanfer (1997), p. 228.
  52. ^ "Proof Disney recycles scenes in different movies". News.com.au. October 3, 2016. Archived from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  53. ^ "Hits of the World" (PDF). Billboard. March 28, 1992. p. 38. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 28, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
  54. ^ Nanda Lwin (1999). Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide. Music Data Canada. ISBN 1-896594-13-1.
  55. ^ Jasen, David A (2013). A Century of American Popular Music. United Kingdom: Routledge. p. 19. ISBN 9781135352646. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
  56. ^ "Rock On The Net: 35th Annual Grammy Awards - 1993". www.rockonthenet.com. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
  57. ^ Newman, Melinda (February 27, 1993). "The Grammys' Man To Beat Is Clapton, But 'Beattie' Is The Award To Grab" (PDF). Billboard. p. 16. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
  58. ^ "Winners Of The 35th Annual Grammy Awards" (PDF). Billboard. March 6, 1993. p. 92. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
  59. ^ Haithman, Diane (August 17, 1991). "Unfinished 'Beauty' to Make Splashy Debut : Movies: The New York Film Festival will premiere Disney's animated work-in-progress on Sept. 29". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
  60. ^ Honan, William H. (August 19, 1991). "At the New York Film Festival, Works on Art". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
  61. ^ a b Cling, Carol (April 21, 2013). "More than 20 years after 'Beauty and the Beast,' Paige O'Hara still remembered as voice of Disney princess". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Stephens Media LLC. Archived from the original on April 25, 2013. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
  62. ^ "Beauty and the Beast". Festival de Cannes. Archived from the original on June 17, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2009.
  63. ^ Ryan Ball (December 18, 2002). "Beauty and The Beast Added to National Film Registry". Animation Magazine. Archived from the original on August 17, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  64. ^ Barr, Jason (September 27, 2010). "Disney to Release Sing-Along BEAUTY AND THE BEAST for Limited Run". Collider. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  65. ^ Mueller Neff, Martha (September 27, 2010). "Dress up, sing along to 'Beauty and the Beast' this week". The Plain Dealer. Archived from the original on November 22, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  66. ^ Stewart, Andrew (August 5, 2010). "Disney retools animation slate 3D Beauty reboot, Newt yanked from schedule". Variety. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
  67. ^ Hetrick, Adam (August 25, 2011). "Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' To Be Screened in 3D in Hollywood". Playbill. Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  68. ^ Kaufman, Amy (January 12, 2012). "Movie Projector: 'Beauty and the Beast', 'Contraband' fight for No. 1". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
  69. ^ "Disney Re-Releasing Films in 3D: 'Beauty & The Beast,' 'The Little Mermaid,' Others Coming Back". October 4, 2011. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2017 – via Huff Post.
  70. ^ Woodroof, Cory (June 29, 2023). "8 Disney classics (Toy Story!) re-releasing in movie theaters for its 100th anniversary". For the Win. USA Today. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
  71. ^ "DISNEY100 'CELEBRATING TIMELESS STORIES' SCREENING PROGRAMME LAUNCHES IN THE UK TOMORROW, FRIDAY 4TH AUGUST, 2023". UK Press. Retrieved October 13, 2023.
  72. ^ NoMonday. "Uwielbiane klasyki wracają na ekrany kin Helios z okazji 100-lecia Disneya!". www.agora.pl (in Polish). Retrieved October 24, 2023.
  73. ^ Beauty and the Beast (A Walt Disney Classic) [VHS]: David Ogden Stiers, Jerry Orbach, Paige O'Hara, Robby Benson, Richard White, Kirk Wise, Gary Trousdale: Movies & TV. ASIN 6302526574.
  74. ^ Hunt, Dennis (October 2, 1992). "Real 'Beauty' Laser Out in '93". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
  75. ^ "The Complete 'Beauty'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
  76. ^ McCullaugh, Jim; Goldstein, Seth (October 9, 1993). "Disney Uncorks A Monster Hit With 'Aladdin'" (PDF). Billboard. p. 6. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
  77. ^ "'Jungle' blooms, beats 'Beast' in o'seas video". Variety. December 20, 1993. Archived from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved June 22, 2019.
  78. ^ "Beauty and the Beast DVD Review - DVDizzy.com".
  79. ^ "Beauty and the Beast (Platinum Edition): Paige O'Hara, Robby Benson, Richard White, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, Angela Lansbury, Bradley Pierce, Rex Everhart, Jesse Corti, Hal Smith, Jo Anne Worley, Mary Kay Bergman, Alan Menken, Gary Trousdale, Kirk Wise: Movies & TV". Amazon. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  80. ^ a b Gustin, Maija (October 1, 2010). "Movie Rewind: Beauty and the Beast". The Observer. Archived from the original on October 6, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
  81. ^ Lufkin, Bryan (October 1, 2010). "'Beauty and the Beast' Stars: Where Are They Now?". Starpulse. Archived from the original on October 4, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
  82. ^ Lang, George (October 1, 2010). "Blu-ray Review: 'Beauty and the Beast: Diamond Edition'". The Oklahoman (NewsOK). Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
  83. ^ "United States Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010". The Numbers. October 17, 2010. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2016.
  84. ^ "United States Combined DVD and Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010". The Numbers. October 17, 2010. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2016.
  85. ^ "Top-Selling Blu-rays in the United States 2010". The Numbers. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2016.
  86. ^ "Beauty and the Beast 3D Blu-ray: Diamond Edition". Blu-ray.com. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  87. ^ Lucas Siegel (June 24, 2016). "Beauty and the Beast 25th Anniversary Edition Officially Announced". Comicbook.com. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
  88. ^ "'Ninja Turtles' and 'Beauty and the Beast' Split Top Disc Sales Honors". Variety. September 29, 2016. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  89. ^ Beauty and the Beast 4K Blu-ray Release Date March 10, 2020, archived from the original on January 4, 2021, retrieved February 3, 2020
  90. ^ Horn, John (November 26, 1991). "'Addams Family' scares up huge box office". The Associated Press. The Boston Globe. p. 29. Archived from the original on November 27, 2022. Retrieved November 27, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  91. ^ "1991 DOMESTIC GROSSES". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
  92. ^ "$100 Million Movies". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
  93. ^ "Disney's Animated 'Beauty and the Beast' Celebrates 10th Anniversary with Worldwide Large Format Debut at Record 100 Theaters on Jan. 1". The Tech Museum. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
  94. ^ "Beauty and the Beast (IMAX)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
  95. ^ Young, John (January 15, 2012). "Box office report: 'Contraband' tops 'Beauty and the Beast 3D' with $24.1 mil". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  96. ^ "Weekend Report: 'Contraband' Hijacks MLK Weekend". Box Office Mojo. January 15, 2012. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  97. ^ Clevland, Ethan (January 16, 2012). "'Beauty and the Beast' return with $18.5 million". Big Cartoon News. Archived from the original on December 2, 2012. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
  98. ^ Rottenberg, Josh (January 15, 2012). "'Beauty and the Beast' gives 3-D another big boost, but is this really about 3-D or is it just about nostalgia?". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  99. ^ "Beauty and the Beast (3D)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
  100. ^ Groves, Don (February 1, 1993). "Ciao, bella! 'Beauty' breaks record". Variety. p. 43.
  101. ^ Rodriguez, Zach (February 10, 2022). "Fox invites public to 'be our guest' for 'Beauty & the Beast'". Hanford Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 20, 2024. Retrieved June 20, 2024. The film was met with universal acclaim from both critics and audiences
  102. ^ Johnston, Sheila (September 24, 1992). "FILM / Drawn by numbers: Scores must be settled before Disney animators set to work. Alan Menken gives Sheila Johnston a song-by-song guide to the making of Beauty and the Beast". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 20, 2024. Retrieved June 20, 2024. it received universal critical acclaim
  103. ^ White, Adam (August 7, 2020). "Disney's first gay hero: the epic life and tragic death of Little Mermaid lyricist Howard Ashman". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on June 10, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2024. the film went on to receive universal acclaim
  104. ^ ""Beauty & The Beast" Continues Family Favorites Film Series: App Theatre Sets Feb. 18 for Screening of Disney's Animated Classic". High Country Press. February 14, 2023. Archived from the original on June 20, 2024. Retrieved June 20, 2024. widespread critical acclaim for its romantic narrative, animation (particularly the ballroom scene), characters, and musical numbers.
  105. ^ "Beauty and the Beast (1991)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved October 5, 2021. Edit this at Wikidata
  106. ^ "Beauty and the Beast Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
  107. ^ Pamela McClintock (August 19, 2011). "Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 26, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
  108. ^ Janet Maslin (November 13, 1991). "Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  109. ^ Ebert, Roger (November 11, 1991). "Beauty and the Beast". Chicago Sun-Times. Ebert Digital LLC. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  110. ^ Fragoso, Sam (March 12, 2014). "Beauty and the Beast (IMAX) Movie Review (2002)". Roger Ebert. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  111. ^ Berardinelli, James (1991). "Beauty and the Beast". ReelViews. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
  112. ^ "Beauty and the Beast". The Washington Post. November 22, 1991. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
  113. ^ Maslin, Janet (November 13, 1991). "Movie Review - Beauty and the Beast - Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
  114. ^ Dave Kehr (November 22, 1991). "Tame Beast". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
  115. ^ Jay Boyar (November 22, 1991). "'Beauty and the Beast': Lovely Tale Of Redemption". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
  116. ^ Hartl, John (November 22, 1991). "Entertainment & the Arts | A Classic Feel Already - Voices, Visuals Fit Superbly in Disney's 'Beast'". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
  117. ^ Siskel, Gene (November 22, 1991). "'Beauty and the Beast' Has A Song in Its Heart". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
  118. ^ Sragow, Michael (December 2, 1991). "Beauty and the Beast". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on January 23, 2008. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
  119. ^ Smoodin, Eric (1993). Animating Culture. Rutger's University Press. p. 189. ISBN 0-8135-1948-9.
  120. ^ Smoodin (1993), p. 190.
  121. ^ MyInnerEyeInterview2 (May 7, 2012), Chuck Jones @ Costas Pt 1, archived from the original on May 29, 2019, retrieved August 1, 2017{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  122. ^ Barrier, Michael (1999). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 571. ISBN 0-19-503759-6.
  123. ^ Whitley, David (2008). The idea of Nature in Disney Animation. Ashgate Publishing Limited. pp. 44–57. ISBN 978-0-7546-6085-9.
  124. ^ Schwartz, Dana (March 24, 2017). "How 'Beauty and the Beast' Became a Heartbreaking Metaphor for AIDS". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  125. ^ Suzanne-Mayer, Dominick; Pickett, Leah (November 22, 2016). "From The Little Mermaid to Tarzan: Ranking the Disney Renaissance". Consequence. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  126. ^ Collura, Scott; Fowler, Matt; Goldman, Eric; Schedeen, Jesse; Pirrello, Phil; White, Cindy (June 24, 2010). "Top 25 Animated Movies of All-Time". IGN. Archived from the original on July 17, 2010. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
  127. ^ "'Beauty and the Beast' review: Animated Disney musical's charms lost in translation". Chicago Tribune. March 14, 2017. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved March 14, 2017.
  128. ^ "How 'Beauty and the Beast' Characters Changed from 1991 to 2017". observer.com. March 21, 2017. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
  129. ^ Sims, David (March 15, 2017). "'Beauty and the Beast' Is a Tale as Old as Time, Told Worse". theatlantic.com. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
  130. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
  131. ^ Feinberg, Scott (March 23, 2022). "'Beauty and the Beast' and Its Unprecedented Oscar Run in 1992: "It Was a Giant Moment for Everyone"". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
  132. ^ "20th Annual Annie Awards". Annie Awards. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
  133. ^ "BAFTA Awards: Film in 1993". British Academy Film Awards. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  134. ^ "1988-2013 Award Winner Archives". Chicago Film Critics Association. January 2013. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  135. ^ "Beauty and the Beast". Golden Globe Awards. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  136. ^ RopeofSilicon.com LLC (January 18, 1992). "1992 Golden Globe Award Winners". Rope of Silicon. Archived from the original on July 3, 2015. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  137. ^ "35th Annual GRAMMY Awards". Grammy Awards. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
  138. ^ "1993 Grammy Nominations | Grammy nominees - Baltimore Sun". Articles.baltimoresun.com. January 8, 1993. Archived from the original on September 2, 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  139. ^ "1992 Hugo Awards". Hugo Awards. July 26, 2007. Retrieved November 1, 2008.
  140. ^ "KCFCC Award Winners – 1990-99". Kansas City Film Critics Circle. December 14, 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  141. ^ "The 17th Annual Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards". Los Angeles Film Critics Association. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  142. ^ "1991 Award Winners". National Board of Review. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  143. ^ "Film Hall of Fame: Productions". Online Film & Television Association. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  144. ^ "Film Hall of Fame: Songs". Online Film & Television Association. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  145. ^ "International Press Academy website – 2003 7th Annual SATELLITE Awards". International Press Academy. Archived from the original on February 1, 2008.
  146. ^ "Past Saturn Awards". Saturn Awards. Archived from the original on September 14, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
  147. ^ "14th Annual Youth in Film Awards". Young Artist Awards. Archived from the original on April 9, 2014. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
  148. ^ "AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres". ComingSoon.net. American Film Institute. June 17, 2008. Archived from the original on August 18, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
  149. ^ a b "Top Ten Animation". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on June 19, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  150. ^ a b American Film Institute (June 11, 2002). "AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions". Afi.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2015. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  151. ^ a b American Film Institute (June 22, 2004). "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs". Afi.com. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  152. ^ American Film Institute (September 3, 2006). "AFI's 100 Years of Musicals". Afi.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  153. ^ "100 Greatest Heroes and Villains - AFI". www.filmsite.org. Retrieved July 18, 2024.
  154. ^ a b c Evans, Everett (November 28, 1993). "Disney Debut; First stage musical, Beauty, will test waters in Houston". The Houston Chronicle. p. 8.
  155. ^ Rogers, Rick (July 29, 2012). "Sigmund Romberg / Beauty and the Beast". NewsOK.com. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
  156. ^ "'Beauty' Moving From Palace To the Fontanne". The New York Times. December 12, 2014. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  157. ^ a b c Simonson, Robert (April 18, 2000). "Beauty and the Beast Celebrates Sixth Anniversary, April 18". Playbill. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  158. ^ Pacheco, Patrick (June 8, 2011). "Tony Awards: Tony Awards' musical numbers are key to box-office success". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  159. ^ "Beauty and the Beast (Broadway, Palace Theatre, 1994) | Playbill". Playbill. Retrieved May 29, 2024.
  160. ^ Miller, James (April 4, 2024). "Longest-Running Shows on Broadway". Playbill. Archived from the original on May 21, 2024. Retrieved May 29, 2024.
  161. ^ Bahr, Lindsey (June 4, 2014). "Disney taps Bill Condon to direct a live-action 'Beauty and the Beast'". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  162. ^ "Bill Condon to Direct Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' Film for Disney (Exclusive)". variety.com. June 4, 2014. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  163. ^ "'Twilight' director Bill Condon will translate Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' to live action (Updated)". Hitfix. June 4, 2014. Archived from the original on June 5, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  164. ^ Sperling, Nicole (September 29, 2014). "'Perks of Being a Wallflower' author will adapt 'Beauty and the Beast'". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  165. ^ Zuckerman, Esther (January 26, 2015). "Emma Watson will be Disney's new Belle in live-action musical 'Beauty and the Beast'". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
  166. ^ "Luke Evans to Play Gaston in Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive)". variety.com. March 4, 2015. Archived from the original on March 6, 2015. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
  167. ^ Kit, Borys (March 4, 2015). "Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Casting Dan Stevens as the Beast (Exclusive)". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 5, 2015. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
  168. ^ "Josh Gad Joining Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. March 13, 2015. Archived from the original on March 15, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  169. ^ Zuckerman, Esther (March 16, 2015). "Emma Thompson will play Mrs. Potts in Disney's Beauty and the Beast". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
  170. ^ "Ian McKellen to Play Cogsworth in Disney's Beauty and the Beast". comingsoon.net. April 10, 2015. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  171. ^ "'Ewan McGregor to Play Lumiere in 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. April 21, 2015. Archived from the original on April 21, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  172. ^ "Stanley Tucci Rounds Out Cast of 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive)". Variety. April 21, 2015. Archived from the original on May 17, 2015. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  173. ^ "'Beyond the Lights' Star Gugu Mbatha-Raw Joins 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive)". Variety. April 13, 2015. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
  174. ^ McNary, Dave (March 16, 2015). "Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' Set for March 17, 2017". Variety. Archived from the original on May 17, 2015. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
  175. ^ "Alan Menken Confirms 3 New Songs for BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Film; Broadway Tunes Will Not Be Included". broadwayworld.com. June 5, 2015. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
  176. ^ "Todd Lieberman Offers Updates on ALLEGIANT and Disney's BEAUTY AND THE BEAST". collider.com. March 7, 2015. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2015.
  177. ^ "On the Set for 5/18/15: Emma Watson Starts 'Beauty and the Beast', Oliver Stone Wraps 'Snowden', Melissa Mccarthy Finishes 'Michelle Darnell' & More". SSN Insider. May 18, 2015. Archived from the original on May 20, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
  178. ^ "Disney's Live Action BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Officially Wraps Production!". Broadway World. August 27, 2015. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
  179. ^ "Emma Thompson and Kevin Kline Join Beauty and the Beast, Release Date Set". comingsoon.net. March 16, 2015. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
  180. ^ Willman, Chris (June 4, 2014). "Concert Review: 'Beauty and the beast' gets adoring tribute at Hollywood Bowl". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
  181. ^ Petski, Denise (July 5, 2022). "'Beauty And The Beast' Live-Action, Animated Special Set At ABC". Deadline. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
  182. ^ Behzadi, Sofia (July 20, 2022). "H.E.R. To Star As Belle In ABC's "Beauty And the Beast' Hybrid Live-Action & Animation Special". Deadline. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  183. ^ Tangcay, Jazz (September 9, 2022). "ABC's 'Beauty and the Beast' Special Casts Josh Groban, Rita Moreno and Joshua Henry (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
  184. ^ Malkin, Mark (September 22, 2022). "Martin Short and Shania Twain in Final Talks to Join 'Beauty and the Beast' TV Special (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved September 24, 2022.
  185. ^ Zukowski, Michael (October 17, 2022). "ABC's 'Beauty and the Beast: A 30th Celebration' Finds Its Lumiere, Cogsworth and Mrs. Potts in Martin Short, David Alan Grier and Shania Twain". ABC. Retrieved December 12, 2022.
  186. ^ Johnson, Zach (December 12, 2022). "First Look: See Paige O'Hara, Richard White, and Alan Menken's Cameos in Beauty and the Beast: A 30th Celebration". D23. Retrieved December 12, 2022.
  187. ^ "Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Continues Inspiring New Merchandise Coming to Disney Parks". Disney Parks Blog. August 15, 2013. Archived from the original on August 17, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  188. ^ Disney Princess Collection: Belle's Sing Me a Story [VHS]: Princess Belle: Movies & TV. ASIN 6304022409.
  189. ^ "Beauty and the Beast - The Enchanted Christmas (Special Edition): Paige O'Hara, Robby Benson, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, Bernadette Peters, Tim Curry, Haley Joel Osment, Frank Welker, Jeff Bennett, Jim Cummings, Kath Soucie, Paul Reubens, Andrew Knight, Daniel Lee, Susan Kapigian, Bill Motz, Bob Roth, Cindy Marcus, Flip Kobler: Movies & TV". Amazon. November 12, 2002. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  190. ^ "Beauty and the Beast - Belle's Magical World (Special Edition): Jeff Bennett, Robby Benson, Paige O'Hara, Jim Cummings, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, Gregory Grudt, Rob Paulsen, Kimmy Robertson, Anne Rogers, Frank Welker, April Winchell, Barbara Dourmashkin, Bob Kline, Burt Medall, Cullen Blaine, Dale Case, Daniel de la Vega, Mitch Rochon, Alice Brown: Movies & TV". Amazon. February 25, 2003. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  191. ^ a b "You Cannot Resist The Joy Of 'Disney On Ice'—So Don't Even Think About It | ARTery". Artery.wbur.org. February 15, 2014. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  192. ^ "Release information". GameFAQs. Archived from the original on March 24, 2009. Retrieved August 27, 2008.
  193. ^ "Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Quest (1993) screenshots". MobyGames. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  194. ^ "Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Roar of the Beast for Genesis (1993)". MobyGames. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  195. ^ a b "Release information". MobyGames. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved May 16, 2008.
  196. ^ "Release information". GameFAQs. Archived from the original on December 31, 2009. Retrieved May 2, 2008.
  197. ^ "ProReview: Disney's Beauty and the Beast". GamePro. No. 61. IDG. August 1994. p. 58.
  198. ^ "Disney's Beauty and the Beast: A Board Game Adventure: Video Games". Amazon. Archived from the original on March 6, 2017. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  199. ^ "Part 1 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide". IGN. March 28, 2006. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  200. ^ "Part 2 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide". IGN. March 28, 2006. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to Beauty and the Beast (1991 film).
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Disney's Beauty and the Beast.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beauty_and_the_Beast_(1991_film)&oldid=1254745510"