Qian Xuantong

In this Chinese name, the family name is Qian.

Qian Xuantong
Born	1887 Huzhou, Zhejiang
Died	17 January 1939
Known for	Simplified characters, pinyin
Academic work
Discipline	Linguist
School or tradition	Doubting Antiquity School
Institutions	Peking University
Main interests	Philology, language planning
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	錢玄同
Simplified Chinese	钱玄同
Hanyu Pinyin	Qián Xuántóng
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Chyan Shyuantorng
Wade–Giles	Ch’ien Hsüan-t’ung
Birth name
Traditional Chinese	錢夏
Simplified Chinese	钱夏
Hanyu Pinyin	Qián Xià
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Chyan Shiah
Wade–Giles	Ch'ien Hsia
Courtesy name
Traditional Chinese	德潛
Simplified Chinese	德潜
Hanyu Pinyin	Déqián
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Derchyan
Wade–Giles	Te-ch'ien

Qian Xuantong (1887 – 17 January 1939) was a Chinese linguist and writer considered to be a leading figure of the Doubting Antiquity School, along with Gu Jiegang. He was a professor of literature at National Peking University.

Biography

Born in Huzhou, Zhejiang, Qian was named Qian Xia at birth and was given the courtesy name Deqian. Qian trained in traditional Chinese philology. After receiving his university education in Japan, Qian held a number of teaching positions in mainland China. He was a student of Zhang Binglin; some of Zhang's works were copied and printed in Qian's seal script handwriting. As a philologist, Qian was the first to reconstruct the vowel system of Old Chinese in the IPA.

A close friend of Lu Xun, Qian was a key figure in the May Fourth Movement and the New Culture Movement. Despite his close relationship with the Chinese classics, he promoted the abolition of Literary Chinese. He was also a strong supporter of Esperanto, at one time even proposed the substitution of Chinese by it. An open letter Qian wrote in response to an anti-Confucian essay by Chen Duxiu stated:

Dear Mr. Chen, In an early essay of yours you strongly advocated the abolition of Confucianism. Concerning this proposal of yours I think that it is now the only way to save China. But upon reading it I have thought of one more thing: if you want to abolish Confucianism you must first abolish the Chinese [written] language. If you want to get rid of the average person's childish, uncivilized, obstinate way of thinking, then it is all the more essential that you first abolish the Chinese language. To abolish Confucianism and eliminate Taoism is a fundamental way to prevent the fall of China and to allow the Chinese to become a civilized nation in the twentieth century. But a more fundamental way than this is to abolish the written Chinese language, in which Confucian thoughts and fallacious Taoist sayings are recorded.

Chen thought that abolishing written Chinese would destroy the spoken language as well, and he countered Qian's proposal by suggesting that Chinese could use a Roman alphabet.

He and Liu Bannong promoted vernacular Chinese, attacking classical stylists such as Lin Shu. His skepticism of the Chinese heritage was such that he at one time wanted to change his surname to Yigu (疑古; 'suspecting things ancient'). He also did important work regarding standardization of simplified characters, as well as the Standard Chinese dialect and the design of pinyin.

His son Qian Sanqiang was a nuclear physicist who was instrumental in China's early nuclear weapons program, sometimes referred to as the "father of the atomic bomb" for China.

References

Works cited

• He Jiuying (何九盈) (1995). 中囯现代语言学史 [A history of modern Chinese linguistics] (in Chinese). Guangzhou: Guangdong jiaoyu chubanshe. ISBN 978-7-54063-859-7.
• Wu Rui (吳銳) (1996). 钱玄同评传 [A Biography of Qian Xuantong]. Guoxue dashi congshu (in Chinese). Nanchang: Baihuazhou wenyi chubanshe. ISBN 978-7-80579-516-4.