List of guerrilla movements
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This is a list of notable guerrilla movements. It gives their English name, common acronym, and main country of operation.
Latin America
[edit]
Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG)
Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) – Nicaragua
Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) or Zapatistas – Chiapas, Mexico- Jungle Commando – Suriname
- Contras – Nicaragua
- Morazanist Patriotic Front – Honduras
Tupamaros Movimiento de Liberación Nacional Tupamaros – Uruguay
Argentina
[edit]
Tacuara Nationalist Movement (Movimiento Nacionalista Tacuara – MNT) (1955–1966)- Justicialist National Militia (Milicia Nacional Justicialista – MNJ) (1955–1966)
Peronist Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas Peronistas – FAP) (1968–1971)
People's Revolutionary Army (Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo – ERP) (1969–1976)
Montoneros (Movimiento Peronista Montonero – MPM) (1970–1981)- Libertarian Resistance (Resistencia Libertaria – RL) (1974–1978)
- Revolutionary Cells (Células Revolucionarias – CR) (2009–2011)
- Vandalika Teodoro Suárez Gang (Pandilla Vandalika Teodoro Suárez – PVTS) (2010–2011)
- Friends of the Earth (Amigxs de la Tierra – AdlT/FAI) (2011–2014)
Bolivia
[edit]- Zarate Willka Armed Forces of Liberation (FALZW)
- Ñancahuazú Guerrilla (ELN)
- Néstor Paz Zamora Commission (CNPZ)
- Túpac Katari Guerrilla Army (EGTK)
- Anarchic Cell For Revolutionary Solidarity (CASR)
- Revolutionary Left Movement
Chile
[edit]
Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR) (1965–1987)
Lautaro Youth Movement (MJL) (1982–1994)
Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front (FPMR) (1983–1997)- Leon Czolgosz Autonomous and Destructive Forces (FADLC) (2006–2009)
Revolutionary Anarchist Front (FAR) (2007–2009)- Severino di Giovanni Antipatriot Band (BASG) (2007–2012)
- Jean Marc Rouillan Armed and Heartless Columns (CAD-JMR) (2008–2012)
- Iconoclastic Caravans for Free Will (CIPLA) (2009–2012)
- Efraín Plaza Olmedo Dynamite Band (BDEPO) (2009–2013)
Weichán Auka Mapu (WAM) (2011–present)
Antagonic Nuclei of the New Urban Guerrilla (NANGU) (2011–present)
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Colombia
[edit]
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) (1964–2016)
National Liberation Army (ELN) (1964–present)
19th of April Movement (M–19) (1970–1990)- Guevarista Revolutionary Army (1992–2008)
Popular Liberation Army (1967–present)
Simón Bolívar Guerrilla Coordinating Board (1987–1990s)- Movimiento Armado Quintin Lame (1984–1991)
- Ernesto Rojas Commandos (1991–1992)
- Indigenous Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Pacific
- Brigada Clandestina Anarquista (BCA)
Cuba
[edit]
Revolutionary Directorate of 13 March Movement (DR-13-M) (1954–1966)
26th of July Movement (M-26-7) (1955–1962)
Second National Front of Escambray (SFNE) (1959–1964)
Brigade 2506 (1960–1962)
Alpha 66 (1961–present)
El Salvador
[edit]- Communist Party of El Salvador (PCS) (1930–1992)
Farabundo Martí Liberation People's Forces (FPL) (1970–1992)
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) (1980–1992)
National Resistance (RN) (1975–1992)- People's Revolutionary Army (ERP) (1972–1992)
Mexico
[edit]- People's Guerrilla Group (GPG) (1963–1965)
Party of the Poor (PdlP) (1967–1974)- Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) (1994–present)
Popular Revolutionary Army (EPR) (1996–present)
Práxedis G. Guerrero Autonomous Cells of Immediate Revolution (CARI-PGG) (2009–2014)- Mariano Sánchez Añón Insurrectional Cell (CI-MSA) (2010–2014)
Paraguay
[edit]
Paraguayan People's Army (EPP) (2008–present)- United National Liberation Front (FULNA) (1960–1970)
Peru
[edit]- National Liberation Army (ELN) (1962–1965)
Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR) (1962–1965)
Communist Party of Peru (Shining Path) (PCP (SL)) (1980–present)
Militarized Communist Party of Peru (MPCP) (1992–present)
Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) (1982–1997)
National Socialist Tercios of New Castile (2004–2009)
Venezuela
[edit]
North America
[edit]- Atomwaffen Division – Anti-government neo-Nazi terrorist group
- Black Liberation Army – United States
- Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance – Guadeloupe
- Earth Liberation Front – United States
- MEChA's Brown Berets (paramilitary security force) – United States – "Border War"
Historical
[edit]
Symbionese Liberation Army – United States- Weather Underground – United States
- Port7Alliance – United States
- Black Panther Party – United States
- Quantrill's Raiders led by William Quantrill – United States
Front de libération du Québec – Canada- Direct Action – Canada, Know by the media as Squamish Five. An Anarchist and Feminist self styled urban guerrilla group.
- The Order—United States
3 Percenters – United States
Europe
[edit]
National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA) during Cyprus Emergency – Cyprus- National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters-B (EOKA-B) during Cypriot intercommunal violence and Turkish invasion of Cyprus – Cyprus
- Turkish Resistance Organisation (TMT) during Cypriot intercommunal violence and Turkish invasion of Cyprus – Cyprus
Action Directe (AD) – France
Democratic Army of Greece, Communist partisans during the Greek Civil War – Greece- National Liberation Army – North Macedonia
- Albanian National Army – North Macedonia, Kosovo, Serbia, Montenegro, Greece[1]
- Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) – Kosovo
- Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac – Serbia
Chechen guerrillas under nominal leadership of Aslan Maskhadov (who is now deceased) – Chechnya- Internationalist Offensive for the Palestinian Liberation (OILP) - Italy
Red Brigades (BR, later split, BR-PCC and BR-UCC largest factions) – Italy
Germany
[edit]- Tupamaros West-Berlin (TW) (1969–1970)
- Red Army Faction (RAF) (1970–1998) – known also as Baader-Meinhof Gang
2 June Movement (1972–1980)- Revolutionary Cells (RZ) (1973–1995)
- National Task Force (NEK) (1991)
- Anti-Imperialist Cell (AIZ) (1992-1995)
- National Socialist Underground (NSU) (1999–2007)
Ireland
[edit]- Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA) (1986–present)
- Irish Citizen Army (1913–1947)
Army Comrades Association (ACA) (1932–1935)- Irish People's Liberation Organization (1986–1992)
Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) (1974–2009/present)- Official Irish Republican Army (1969–1990s)
- Oglaigh na hEireann (CIRA splinter group) (2009–present)
- Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) (1969–1998)
- Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA) (1998–present)
Spain
[edit]
Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) (1959–2017)
First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups (GRAPO) (1975–2007)
Milícia Catalana (1976–1990s)
Free Land (TL) (1978–1991)- Guerrilla Army of the Free Galician People (EGPGC) (1986–1991)
Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front (FRAP) (1973–1978)- Revolutionary Armed Struggle (LAR) (1978–1984)
Before 1945
[edit]- Lisowczycy (Polish)
- Snapphane Movement – Sweden, pro-Danish partisans that fought against the Swedes in the 17th century.
Guerrilla warfare in the Peninsular War (Spain, Portugal)
Briganti (Italy)
Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party (Congress Poland, particularly active during the Polish events of the 1905 Russian Revolution)
Irish Republican Army – Ireland (prior to the establishment of an independent state of Ireland)
Kuva-yi Milliye during Turkish War of Independence – Turkey
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Macedonia (region)*- World War II Resistance movements in various countries, many sponsored by the Allied governments:
- Soviet partisans in the Axis-occupied territories during World War II
Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) – Greece
Freies Deutschland – German-occupied territories of the Soviet Union and Germany (East Prussia, Cologne)
Polish resistance movement in World War II (many of these groups were a part of the Polish Underground State, the large guerrilla movement that initiated the Warsaw Uprising, as well as some other anti-Nazi partisan-warfare-based actions like the Zamość Uprising, the Battle of Osuchy, the Raid on Mittenheide, Operation Tempest, or Operation Heads).
- Henryk Dobrzański (Polish – the first guerrilla commander of the Second World War in Europe)
- Armia Krajowa (Home Army) (Polish)
- Leśni
- Silent Unseen
- Battalion Zośka
Uderzeniowe Bataliony Kadrowe- National Armed Forces
Bataliony Chłopskie (Polish)
Armia Ludowa (communist-ruled Poland)- Bielski partisans (Jewish)
- Parczew partisans (Jewish)
Yugoslav Partisans – Yugoslavia
Chetniks – Yugoslavia
- Anti-Soviet partisans and pro-Axis partisans
- Forest Brothers – Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania (World War II–1952 approx.)
Werwolf – Germany- Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953) – Poland
Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) – Ukraine
Africa
[edit]
Republic of the Rif– Morocco Battle of Annual Abd el-Krim's guerrilla tactics influenced Ho Chi Minh, Mao Zedong, and Che Guevara.
Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) – South Africa (armed wing of the African National Congress)
Ambazonia Defence Forces – Southern Cameroons/Cameroon (armed wing of the Ambazonia Governing Council)- Ambazonia Restoration Forces (ARF) – Southern Cameroon/Ambazonia (armed wing of the Interim Government of Ambazonia /IG)
- Southern Cameroons Defence Forces – Southern Cameroons/Cameroon (armed wing of the African People's Liberation Movement)
- Ambazonia Self-Defence Council – Southern Cameroons/Cameroon (umbrella organization consisting of armed groups loyal to the Interim Government of Ambazonia)
- Kenya Land and Freedom Army (KLFA or Mau Mau) – Kenya
National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) – Angola (nationalist guerrillas who first fought the Portuguese and later Angola's communist led regime)
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) – Angola (communist guerrillas who fought Portuguese rule and later established a Marxist regime)
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) – Angola (anti-communist guerrillas backed by the United States and Apartheid South Africa. Angolan Civil War)
Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) – Eritrea- Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) – Liberia
Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (POLISARIO) – Western Sahara
Zimbabwe African People's Union – Rhodesia/Zimbabwe.- Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO) – Mozambique (communist guerrillas who won independence from Portugal and established a Marxist regime)
Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO) – Mozambique (anti-communist guerrillas, supported by Rhodesia and South Africa, who fought in the Mozambican Civil War)
South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) – Namibia (an independence movement that fought South African rule during the Apartheid era)- Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) – Nigeria
- Lesotho Liberation Army (LLA) – Lesotho
Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) – Uganda- Uganda People's Democratic Army – Uganda
- National Resistance Army – Uganda
Azanian People's Liberation Army (earlier known as Poqo) – South Africa (armed wing of the PAC)
Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) – South Africa
Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia
Oromo Liberation Front
Sudan People's Liberation Army – SPLA. South Sudanese based rebel group that fought against the Islamist and Arab dominated regime in Khartoum during the Second Sudanese Civil War. They now control the independent nation of South Sudan
Sudan Liberation Movement/Army
Justice and Equality Movement- Janjaweed
- Niger Movement for Justice
- Patriotic Liberation Front (FPL) - Niger
Green Resistance – Gaddafi supporters in Libya post–2011
Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda or FDLR – Successor to ALiR, Hutu extremists
Army for the Liberation of Rwanda or ALiR – Hutu nationalists who fled Rwanda after the 1994 Genocide and took up arms in the neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo
Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition or SPLM-IO (South Sudanese rebels fighting the SPLM led government since 2013. South Sudanese Civil War
Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire or the AFDL. These were anti-Mobutu rebels in the former Zaire during the First Congo War- Rally for Congolese Democracy – RCD, anti-government forces backed by Rwanda during the Second Congo War
- Movement for the Liberation of Congo – anti-government forces backed by Uganda during the Second Congo War
Somali National Movement (SNM) – Somaliland
Asia
[edit]
Turkistan Islamic Party (ETIP) – Xinjiang, China
Northern Alliance – Afghanistan
Taliban – Afghanistan
Haqqani Network – Afghanistan- Jundallah – Iran/Pakistan
Free Joseon – North Korea- Al-Qaeda – has been based in Afghanistan
- Mujahedin – (generic grouping) Central Asia, Middle East, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia
Free Papua Movement – Indonesia
Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) – Philippines
East Indonesia Mujahideen (MIT) – Indonesia
Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF, a break away group of the MNLF) – Philippines
New People's Army (NPA) – Philippines
Abu Sayyaf – Philippines
Khmer National Unity Front (KNUF) – Cambodia- Cambodian Freedom Fighters (CFF) – Cambodia
Lashkar-e-Toiba – based in Pakistan
United Liberation Front of Asom – India/Bangladesh
Balochistan Liberation Army – Pakistan- Balochistan Liberation Front – Pakistan
- Baloch Nationalist Army – Pakistan
- PJAK-PKK —Kurdistan
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front – Kashmir- Hizbul Mujahideen – Kashmir
Jaish-e-Mohammed – Pakistan
Naxalite Movement – India
People's Liberation Army, Nepal – Nepal- People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (India) — India (Andhra Pradesh)
Historical
[edit]
Chushi Gangdruk – Tibet, China
Chinese Communist Party – China
Pathet Lao – Laos
Katipunan (KKK) – Philippines- Righteous army – Korea
Korean People's Guerrilla Army – Korea
Khmer Rouge – Cambodia
National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam (NLF) – Vietnam
Hukbalahaps – Philippines
Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor (FRETILIN) East-Timor
Viet Minh – Vietnam
Communist Party of Malaya – Malaya/Malaysia- Shivaji – India
Free Aceh Movement – Aceh, Indonesia
Saqqawists – Kingdom of Afghanistan- People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (Andhra Pradesh) – India
Mukti Bahini - East Pakistan (Bangladesh)
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil Tigers) – Sri Lanka
Middle East
[edit]
Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria (TIP-S) – Syria- Irgun
- PKK — Kurdistan
- PKK - YPG — Kurdistan
- PKK - PJAK — Kurdistan
- Lehi
Ansar al-Islam- Popular Resistance Committees
- Hezbollah – Lebanon
Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman- Front for the Liberation of the Golan – Syria
Iran
[edit]- Iranian People's Fadaee Guerrillas (IFPG) (1979–present)
People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) (1965–present)- Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran) (UIC (S)) (1976–2001)
- PJAK-PKK
Iraq
[edit]Palestine
[edit]- Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (2000–present)
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) (1968–present)
Hamas (1987–present)- Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) (1987–present)
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (1964–1993)- Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (1967–present)
- Mujahideen Brigades
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Kreiman, Guillermo (2024). "Revolutionary days: Introducing the Latin American Guerrillas Dataset". Journal of Peace Research.
References
[edit]- ^ During 2007
External links
[edit]- Complete List of Terrorist and Insurgency Groups Worldwide (about 371 in all)